考试不作弊，放你妈的屁，考试不翻书，简直是头猪，作弊不要慌，逮到就装漭！
《语言学导论》复习思考题
Ⅰ. In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. According to Noam Chomsky, language is the product of_______. A. an innate faculty, unique to humans B. communication C. environmental conditioning D. all of the above 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? ________. A. Language is just for communication.
B. Language is one of many ways in which we experience the world. C. Language is a sign system.
D. Language is arbitrary and conventional.
3. Which one of the following statements about errors in foreign language learning in FALSE? _________.
A. Errors can not be avoided in foreign language learning.
B. Errors tell the teacher how far towards the goal the learner has progressed and consequently what remains for him to learn.
C. Errors are something bad that should not be allowed in foreign language learning.
D. Errors provide the researcher with evidence of how language is learned or acquired, what strategies or procedures the learner is employing is his discovery of the language. 4. The English language has______.
A. morphemes B. syntax C. number agreement D. all of the above 5. “He” and “she” are not examples of gender agreement in English, because_____. A. they are pronouns
B. they need not agree with other words in an English sentence C. they mark biological/social gender D. both b and c above 6. A phoneme is_____.
A. the smallest meaningful unit in language B. the smallest unit in language C. the same as an allophone D. both b and c above
7. Of the following, what are the two types of phonetics______. A. acoustic and electric B. arbitrary and auditory C. articulatory and acoustic D. allophonic and allomorphic 8. /Wik/ is a transcription of_______.
A. sick B. chick C. chic D. thick
9. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because________.
A. it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect B. it is impossible to understand
C. it is not associated with the upper class use of standard English D. both a and b above
考试不作弊，放你妈的屁，考试不翻书，简直是头猪，作弊不要慌，逮到就装漭！
10. The use of non-standard English persists because_______. A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly”
B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master C. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity
D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools 11. True or false: Chinese has no inflections for grammatical case. ______. A. True B. False
12. What is defined as 'the study of sentence structure'? ______.
A. Morphology B. Semantics C. Phonology D. Syntax
13. ______ refers to the fact that there is no necessary or logical relationship between a linguistic form and its meaning. ______.
A. Displacement B. creativity C. arbitrariness D. duality 14. The study of a language at some point of time is called________. A. computational linguistics B. sociolinguistics
C. diachronic linguistics D. synchronic linguistics
15. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community
A. Langue B. performance C. competence D. parole 16. Traditional grammar is ________.
A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. non-Latin-based D. wrong
17. ______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.
A. Phonology B. Phonetic alphabet C. Corpus linguistics D. Phonetics
18. _____ is the minimal unit in the sound system of a language, which is of distinctive value. A. Allophone B. Phone C. Phoneme D. Morpheme 19. Which of the following factors does not help to identify a word? ______. A. Relative shortness B.Relative uninterruptibility C. A minimum free form D. Stability 20. Speech act theory was initially developed by _______.
A. Halliday B. Austin C. Searle D. Grice 21. The four major modes of semantic change are_______. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
22. The relation between the two words “husband” and “wife” can be described as____. A. gradable antonymy B. converse antonymy C. complementary antonymy D. synonymy 23. “friendly” is a _______.
A. compound B. inflectional word C. derivative D. morpheme 24. The construction “honest people” is _______.
A. a coordinate construction B. an exocentric construction C. an endocentric construction D. an immediate constituent
考试不作弊，放你妈的屁，考试不翻书，简直是头猪，作弊不要慌，逮到就装漭！
25. The word “brunch” and “motel” are _______. A. formed by blending B. acronyms C. coined by back-formation D. clipped words
26. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn?t it?” is _______. A. directive B. informative C. performative D. phatic 27. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop? ______. A. [m] B. [v] C. [p] D. [b] 28. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless affricate? _______. A. [w] B. [f] C. [tF] D. [dV]
29. In the sentence “Can I have a bite to drink?” the speaker may not have a problem with competence, but with_______.
A. performance B. utterance C. syntax D. context 30. The phrase “Colorful ideas sleep furiously” is an example of_______. A. rapport talk
B. indexical language
C. an ungrammatical but acceptable sentence D. a grammatical but unacceptable sentence
31. There are ______ morphemes in the word “children?s” A. six B. two C. three D. four
32. The words “take” and “table” are called _______ because they can stand as a word by themselves.
A. inflectional morphemes B. free morphemes C. stems D. roots
33. Identify the morphemes in the word 'unimaginative': A. un-im-ag-in-at-ive B. un-imaginative C. un-imagin-ative D. unimagin-ative
34. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? _______. A. Husband/ Wife B. Alive/Dead C. Hot/ Cold D. White/ Black 35. The Whorf Hypothesis claims that________.
A. language is full of “rich points”, whose meanings are difficult to translate into another language B. abstract terms are easily translatable C. accents are part of identity
D. language influences culture-specific ways of knowing
36. The phrase ?time is a commodity? is an example of_______. A. The Whorf Hypothesis B. A metaphoric system C. A non-standard variety D. A rich point 37. The last phoneme in the word “hang” is a _______. A. glottal B. palatal C. dental D. nasal
38. Three places of articulation that involve the teeth and/or the lips are: A. palatal, velar, glottal B. bilabial, labiodental, dental C. stop, fricative, affricative D. nasal, lateral, semi vowel
39. In the sentence 'I took my big brown cat to the vet yesterday', which of the following does not appear? _______.
A. Adjective B. Preposition C. Adverb D. Conjunction
考试不作弊，放你妈的屁，考试不翻书，简直是头猪，作弊不要慌，逮到就装漭！
40. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “plant/grass”? ______. A. Homonymy B. Antonymy C. Hyponymy D. Allomorphs 41. The syllabic structure of the word “linguistics” is ______. A. CVCCVCCVCC B. CVCCCVCCVCC C. CVCCVVCCVCC D. CVCVVCCVCC 42. The phonetic transcription with diacritics is called _____.
A. broad transcription B. International Phonetic Alphabet C. American English Pronunciation D. narrow transcription
43. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because: a) it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect b) it is impossible to understand
c) it is not associated with the upper class use of standard English d) both a and b above
44. According to their ______, words can classified into closed-class and open-class words. A. variability B. membership C. similarities D. functions 45. When language is used to \A. evocative B. expressive C. directive D. performative 46. \
A. free morpheme B. derivative C. compound D. root. 47. The phrase “time is a commodity” is an example of_______. A. The Whorf Hypothesis B. A metaphoric system C. A non-standard variety D. A rich point
48. _______ is a type of phonological process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound.
A. Assimilation B. Transformation C. Code-switching D. interference
49. _______ refers to the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an error or inappropriate form in the target language.
A. Interlanguage B. Positive transfer C. Negative transfer D. Overgeneralization
50. In the sentence “I took my big brown cat to the vet yesterday”, which of the following does not appear? _______.
A. Adjective B. Preposition C. Adverb D. Conjunction
51. _______ is that part of the meaning of word or phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world.
A. Connotation B. Affective meaning C. Denotation D. Sense 52. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 53. The semantic components of the word “boy” can be expressed as _____. A. +human, +male, +adult B. +human, -male, +adult C. +human, -male, -adult D. +human, +male, -adult
54. Conjunctions, preposition, pronouns and articles can be classified as ____. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. pro-forms D. content words
55. If two sounds are of no distinctive value, but are varieties of the same phoneme, they are
考试不作弊，放你妈的屁，考试不翻书，简直是头猪，作弊不要慌，逮到就装漭！
called ______.
A. phones B. speech sounds C. allophones D. morphs 56. In the following sounds, _____ is a voiced stop.
A. [b] B. [d] C. [p] D. [k]
57. “You stand up” is transformed into “Stand up”. Which transformational rule is used according to TG Grammar? _____.
A. Copying B. Addition C. Reordering D. Deletion 58. The words such as TOFEL, NATO, UFO are _____. A. formed by blending B. acronyms
C. coined by back formation D. clipped words 59. The words such as “brunch”, “motel” are _______. A. formed by blending B. acronyms
C. coined by back formation D. clipped words
60. ______ are produced when the obstruction is complete at first, then released slowly with friction resulting from partial obstruction.
A. Nasals B. Glides C. Fricatives D. Affricatives
61. “A fish is swimming in the pond” is transformed into “There is a fish swimming in the pond”. Which of the following transformational rules is used? ______. A. Copying B. Addition C. Reordering D. Deletion
62. “The man put on his hat” is transformed into “The man put his hat on”. Which transformational rule is applied here? _______.
A. Copying B. Addition C. Reordering D. Deletion 63. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn?t it?” is ______. A. directive B. informative C. emotive D. phatic 64. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? _____. A. [m] B. [f] C. [p] D. [b] 65. Which of the following languages is a tone language?
A. Russian B. Chinese C. English D. French
66. ________ speaking, no variety of language is better than or superior to others. A. Generally B. Socially C. Politically D. Linguistically
67. Grammar-based language learning and teaching fails partially because _____. A. still no precise information is obtained concerning how grammar can be learned B. grammar can not be taught at all
C. it is useless to teach grammar in language classes D. learners can learn better without grammar
68.For foreign language learners to achieve effective learning, the input should_____. A. not be so far beyond their reach that they are overwhelmed B. be interesting and simple
C. not be so close to their current stage that they are not challenged at all D. Both A and C
69. Interlanguage is _____.
A. is produced by every foreign language learners
B. a mixture of the learner?s mother tongue and the target language
C. imperfect compared with the target language, but it is not mere translation from the learner?s