1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2）这件事谁也不能怨.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3）他指责你玩忽职守.
_______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.
8. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿 【归纳】
contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿 contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿) contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于
make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献 注意: 以上短语中to为介词；
1）He contributed to the church．他向教会捐款。
2）He often contributes to this newspaper．他经常向这家报社投稿。
3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。 【即境活用】 Some of the most important achievements in physics ____________their success to these mathematical systems.
A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. devote 答案：C 【重点短语】
1．put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名 【相关短语】
put on穿上；增加
put on performances演出
put an end to结束；终止 put off推迟；延期； put one's heart into全神贯注于 put down写下 put out生产；扑灭 put back放回；送回 put up举起；张贴 put through接通电话
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put up举起; 抬起; 张贴; 公布 put sb. up为……提供食宿 put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦 He put forward a better plan.? 他提出了一个更好的计划?
Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary? 我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？ He puts forward several interesting plans. 他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划?
It?s an explanation often put forward by our friend. 这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。?
【即境活用】We were roommates. At that time, I have to ________________ her bad temper.
A. put forward 答案：B
2. apart from 除……之外?
1)from是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。? 2)apart from也可以表示“脱离开” ?如：? There can be no knowledge apart from practice.? 没有知识能脱离实践。
【归纳比较】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to
1）apart from在表“除……外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除……以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。
2）except“除……”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了……还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词“并且，而且” ?
3）but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意（=If it were not for…或If it had not been for…）。 4) in addition to 相当于besides“除……之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内） 5）except that 后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节 Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.? 除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师?? Apart from being too large, the trousers don?t suit me.
B. put up with
C. put up
D. put off
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这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适?
【即境活用】 I know nothing about the young lady＿＿＿she is from Beijing.
A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides
答案：C
2.The suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 答案：B
3. make sense讲得通；有道理 ?
如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：? It doesn’t make any sense.
【归纳拓展】make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a sense 就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不是，决非
There is no sense in doing sth.做什么没有道理? Your story doesn’t make sense to me.? 你编的故事我听不明白?
It makes good sense to take good care of your health. 照顾好你的身体是明智的?? 【即境活用】
1. No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn?t ___________to me. A. understand B. make out C. turn out D. make sense 答案: D
2. I have read the material several times, but it doesn't make any ________ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance 答案：C 【重点句型】
1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.? 每当（霍乱）爆发时，都有成千上万的人病死。
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语法核心突破
过去分词作定语和表语
（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等?分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征?
过去分词的定语和表语功能 定 语 表“完成”或“被动” boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 selected apples 精选苹果 spoken English英语口语 iced beer冰镇啤酒? cooked food熟食 fried chips炸土豆条 单个的过去分词作定语时， Hurry up，there is only a little time left. 一般放在被修饰词语之前 (如上例)，也可以放在所 修饰词语的后面? 过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句? 快点，时间不多了。? If you wish everything changed，please say so. 你如果希望改变一切，请说明。 Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(=which is filled with many books). 靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。? Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now.? 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 表 当“人”作主语时用过去分语 词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等? When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.? 当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。? He seemed quite delighted at the idea.? 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作? My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)? My glasses were broken by my son.? 我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)? On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面第 10 页 共 18 页