如乙方未能按合同规定购买补偿贸易商品或甲方未能按合同提供商品时，均应按合同条款承担违约责任，赔偿由此造成的经济损失。 例7
The Contractor shall, under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor, be liable for any loss or damage to the Works during the execution and operation of the Works. 注释：
（1）under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor：按照第82条对承包人责任的规定 （2）any loss or damage to the Works：对工程的任何损失或损坏 （3）during the execution and operation of the Works：在施工及作业过程中 参考译文：
按照第82条对承包人责任的规定，承包人亦应对其在施工及作业过程中造成的对工程的任何损失或损坏承担责任。 例8
Unless such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract, the Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor. The amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price and the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer. 注释：
（1）such defect, shrinkage or other fault：缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处
（2）for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract：按合同规定，??属承包商的责任 （3）after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor：与业主和承包人充分协商之后 （4）determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor：确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额
（5）the amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price：应将其增加到合同总价中
（6）the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer：工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主 参考译文：
除非按合同规定，上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处应属承包商的责任，否则工程师应在与业主和承包人充分协商之后，确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额，并应将其增加到合同总价中，工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主。 例9
If such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable, the cost of the Work carried out in searching as aforesaid shall be borne by the Contractor. Provided that, in such case, the Contractor shall, in accordance with the provisions of Clause 82, remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost.
注释：
（1）for which the Contractor is liable：??是承包人的责任
（2）remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost：自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处 参考译文：
如上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处是承包人的责任，则上述有关调查工作的费用应由承包人承担。在此种情况下，承包人应按第82条规定自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处。 例10
The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for the matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5. 注释：
（1）the Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for?：业主不应对承包人（就??）负有责任 （2）unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5：除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜 参考译文：
除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜，对由合同及工程实施引起的或与之有关的任何问题和事件，业主不应对承包人负有责任。 廿二 in Testimony Whereof
释义：in Witness Whereof 以此为证，特立此证。
用法：作为正式性的体现，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，以郑重其事，重申合同的严肃性、重要性；在句子结构上也起到承启的作用，以引出结语，往往成为合同结束的语言标志，可译成“特此立（证）据”，“以此立（证）据”等 例1
In Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy. 注释
（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此立据 （2）in duplicate：一式两份
（3）either Party will hold one copy：双方各执一份。 参考译文：
本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。特此立据。 例2
In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year first written above. 注释：
（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此为证 （2）be made and executed：订立
（3）the day and year first written above；上面所订日期 参考译文：
本文件一式两份，由本合同双方分别于上面所订日期订立，特此为证。 例3
In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly made and executed and delivered in New York City as of the day and year first written above. 注释：
（1）In Testimony Whereof：以资证明 （2）be duly made and executed：正式签署 （3）delivered in New York City：在纽约交付 参考译文：
本合同双方于上面所订日期在纽约正式签署和交付本合同，以资证明。 例4
In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above. 注释：
（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此为证
（2）the day and year first written above：文首所订日期 参考译文：
双方于协议文首所订日期，正式签署本合同，特此为证。 廿三 Know All Men by these presents; undersigned; Now Therefore 释义：
Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布；
undersigned：法律文件末尾的签名者，前面加定冠词the，是指文件签署者的自称； Now Therefore：特此，因此等。
用法：这个短语一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”，“特此”。
例1
Know All Men by these presents that we (bank’s name) having our registered office at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto (the Owner’s name) (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of ________ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, and the Bank will bind itself, its successors and assigns by these presents. 注释：
（1）Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布 （2）registered office：注册办公地点 （3）be bound unto：对??有义务 （4）the Owner：业主 （5）well and truly：确实地 （6）assigns：受让人
（7）by these presents：根据本文件 参考译文：
根据本文件，兹宣布，我行（银行名称），其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行），向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力。 例2
The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows: 注释：
（1）the undersigned Seller and Buyer：签约的买卖双方 （2）to close the following transaction：达成下列交易 参考译文：
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。 例3
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guarantor and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of (amount of guarantee) (in words), such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract is payable, and we undertake to pay you, upon your first written demand and without cavil or argument, any sum or sums within the limits of (amount of guarantee) as aforesaid without your needing to prove or to show grounds or reasons for your demand for the sum specified therein. 注释：
（1）Now Therefore we hereby affirm：我们特此同意 （2）Guarantor：保证人，担保人 （3）amount of guarantee：保证金
（4）in words：用文字书写金额
（5）types and proportions of currencies：货币的种类和比例 （6）written demand：书面要求
（7）without cavil or argument：不挑剔，不争辩 （8）aforesaid：上述的
（9）grounds or reasons：理由，根据（两词为同义词） 参考译文：
本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总额为（大写）的保证金。银行在收到业主第一次书面付款要求后，不挑剔，不争辩地，在上述担保金范围内，即向你方支付（保证金额），你方无须出具证明或陈述提款理由。 例4
Know All Men by these presents that we, the Bank of China having our registered office at Fu Chenmen (hereinafter called the Bank) will be bound unto the Employer, in the Sum of _____for which payment well and truly to be made to the Employer, the Bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assignee by these presents. 注释：
（1）Know All Men by these present that：根据合同文件，兹宣布
（2）The bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assigns by these presents：对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力 参考译文：
根据合同文件，兹宣布，中国银行（注册地点：北京阜成门）（以下简称：“银行”）向业主立约担保支付金额数的担保证金。本保证书对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力。 例5
Now therefore, the conditions of this obligation are such that, if the contractor will promptly and faithfully perform the said contractor (including any amendments thereto) then this obligation shall be null and void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect. 注释：
（1）now therefore：为此
（2）faithfully perform the said contractor：忠实地履行上述合同 （3）including any amendments thereto：包括修改书 thereto: to the contract 参考译文：
为此，本担保的义务条件是，如果承包人迅速地，忠实地履行上述合同（包括修改书），本担保书规定的义务无效，否则将生效实施。
廿四 句子中状语的位置