人教版高二英语上知识点归纳
浙江慈溪杨贤江中学 潘瑞能
1.在英语中，do,have,make,take这四个动词，加上名词作宾语（名词前可有形容词）构成词组，可以表达许多不同含义，其意义相当于在名词前加上一个相关动词，现分述如下：
(1)do+名词
e.g.Mary has done (=has written) an article.
玛丽写了一篇文章。
He will do(=draw) a large portrain of Ren Changxia.
他要为任长霞画一幅大画像。
do computer study=study computer do the room=clean the room do the dishes=wash the dishes do one’s hair=comb one’s hair do one’s teeth=brush one’s teeth do science=study science do a concert=hear a concert do the tower=visit the tower do Japan=visit Japan
do 20 miles=travel 20 miles
do one’s guests well=serve one’s guests well
有时宾语也可用doing,并在doing前加some。
do some reading=read some books,read some pages
do some studying=study something do some walking=walk for some time
还有do most of the talking,do some morning shopping等。
(2)have+名词
e.g.We had a long talk(=talked for a long
time) last Sunday.
上星期天我们进行了一次长谈。 They’re having a rest(=resting). 他们在休息。
此类结构常见的还有：
have a chat,have a look at…,have a drink,have an interview,have a smoke,have a fight,have a bath,have a dream
名词前可有修饰成分，如have no respect,have
no wish,have some good laughs,have one more try等。 有时意义上等于在名词前加上一个相关的动词，如：
have a lesson (class)上一节课 have an X-ray进行X光检查
have a great success取得很大成功 have a small accident出了小事故
have a headache(a flu,cold)得头疼病（流感，
感冒）
have a baby生孩子
have one’s advice听从某人的建议 have a telegram收到一封电报 have an answer有了答案
(3)make+名词（相当于名词的动词含义）
e.g.The police made an examination in her
room.
警察检查了她的房间。
The teacher made a clear explanation. 老师清楚地作了解释。
We made a comparison of the two articles. 我们把这两篇文章作了比较。 make an attempt=attempt make a suggest=suggest
还有make a visit参观，make a long stay住
了很长时间，make another start又重新开始了，make preparations作准备，make arrangements作安排，make decisions作决定，make a choice作选择，make a map画一张地图，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象
（4）take+名词（相当于名词相应的动词）
e.g.He took a look at(=look at) this book. 他看了一下这本书。
I want to take a nap(=nap). 我想午休一会儿。 这类词组还有： take a bath 洗澡 take a walk散步
take exercise进行锻炼 take an action采取行动
take an examination进行考试，进行检查 take a trip旅行
相当于“吃，喝，吸（入）”，如：
take the food,take pills,take medicine,take
tea (coffee),take a glass of beer,take sugar,take a breath of fresh air,还有：take a taxi(bus,train…)坐出租车（公共汽车，火车……）
take a room要一个房间，租用一个房间 take one’s advice接受……的建议 take a job承担一项工作
take one’s degree接受……学位 take chemistry选学化学 2.with的一种用法
with之后可以加一个抽象名词，构成名词短语，
作用相当于这一名词相对应的副词。
e.g.He looked at her with
respect(=respectfully).
他恭敬地看着她。
She told Tom the story with a
smile(=smilingly).
她微笑着给汤姆讲了个故事。
He accepted the invitation pleasure(=pleasurably).
他愉快地接受了邀请。 这类词组常见的还有：
with calmness=calmly冷静地
with curiosity=curiously好奇地 with surprise=surprisingly惊奇地 with ease=easily轻易地 with difficulty 艰难地 with amazement惊奇地 with fear害怕地
with delight (joy)高兴地 with anger生气地
with efficiency有效地
with tears in one’s eyes含泪地 in+名词也可以这样用。例如：
with