初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
个句子，对整个句子做评注。
Unfortunately，the village was covered by a heavy mud storm. 很不幸地，这个村庄被泥石流给埋没了。 Obviously , they have already known the result of the interview. 显然他们已经知晓面试的结果。 Hopefully the problem will be solved soon. 这个问题有望很快得到解决。 4、兼有两种形式的副词 (1)close与closely
close意思是“近”; closely意思是“仔细地“。例如： He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. (2)late 与lately
late 意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。例如： You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? (3)deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. (4)high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much.例如： The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. (5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”，例如： He opened his mouth wide. English is widely used in the world. (6)free与freely
free的意思是“免费”;freely的意思是“无限制地”。例如
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely, say what you like.
5、有些副词如：however, therefore, nevertheless, thus, meanwhile等用在句中，起前后过度作用。例如： There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。 Exercises:
1. —What was the weather like yesterday?
—lt was terrible. It rained so that people could go out. A. hardly…hard B. hardly…hardly C. hard…hardly D. hard…hard 2. Three years , he became a driver. A. late B. later C. lately D. more lately 3. —Do you think the fish tastes ? —She cooked it , l think.
A. good, good B. well, good C. well, well D. good, well 4. She played the piano than we had thought.
A.successful B. successfully C. more successful D. more successfully 5. l’ll go and visit you nest week.
A. sometime B. sometimes C. some times D. some time 6. —You don’t see the professor from Singapore quite often, do you? —No, we only meet . A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. frequently 7. The key English well is to read more when A. to learn; possible B. of learning; possibly C. of learning; was possible D. to learning; possible
8. had they left the train they realized they had left their bag in the car. A. Hardly…when B. Hardly…than C. No sooner…when D. No sooner…then 9. l couldn’t find my English-Chinese dictionary .
A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere 10. —l don’t stand a chance of getting the job.
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
—Don’t be silly, you mustn’t put yourself . A. down B. up C. off D. away
11. —Do you think that the evening party was a success? —Yes, ! It’s couldn’t be . A. relatively; better B. absolutely; better
C. approximately; more perfect D. fortunately; more excellent 12. On Teachers’ Day , We all went to school to see our teachers. A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. attentively
第三章 句子的成分和基本句型
句子成分：
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:
Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： ．．We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading. He\\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：
Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：
He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语 直接宾语
四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：
My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：
This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? （代词）这些学生是你班的吗？
Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。 I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。 The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：
You are quite right .（副词） 你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。 She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。 He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：
We call her Xiao Li. 宾语 宾语补足语
You must keep the room clean and tidy. 宾语 宾语补足语 John asked me to help him with his Chinese. 宾语 宾语补足语 I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
宾语 宾语补足语
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.
宾语 宾语补足语
句子成分巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最灵活。
Exercises:
指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。 1．We all study hard at English.
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