初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
—I , but he forgot about it. A. did B. have C. had D. should have
9. —You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics. —Really? Oh, a whole night ,Why didn’t you tell me earlier? A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted
10. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who him but failed. A. held B. had held C. would hold D. was holding 11. You exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise?
A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing 12. —What were you up to when she dropped in? —I for a while and some reading. A. was playing; was going to go B. played; did C. had played; was going to go D. had played; did
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1.It is the fourth time that Mike (travel) to China. 2.He (not finish)the work by the end of last month. 3.LiMing (know) him since then.
4.I (receive) a letter from my brother last night. 5.We (be ) to London many times before we left England. 6.How long you (learn) English by the end of this term? 7.—He (live) in this city since he (leave) his hometown.. —When did he (leave) there? —He there three years ago. 8.—His father (be) in the Party for years. —When he (join) the Party? —He (join) the Party in 1996. 9.—It (rain )for such a long time!
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
—When it (rain)? —It (rain) 3 hours ago. 10.I (hope)to be back last night, but I (not catch) the train. 11.—Hello, may I speak to John? — (speak).
动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 （1） 被动语态
1） 用法
A． 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 B． 没有必要指出动作的执行者 C． 强调动作的承受着。
（2）被动语态的构成及用法
1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词
一般现在时：is/am/are+done 一般过去时:was/were+done 现在进行时:is/am/are+being+done 过去进行时:was/were+being+done 一般将来时:will+be+done 过去将来时:would+be+done 现在完成时:have/has+been+done 过去完成时:had+been +done
2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词
因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
等，也可用于被动语态。
The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】
短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主动形式表示被动意义
1）如wash, clean, cut, read, wear, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如： The pen writes smoothly.
2） 感官动词如feel，look，smell，taste，sound等直接跟形容词作表语。
The food tastes good.
非谓语动词（只简要介绍初中部分内容，在高中阶段非谓语动词是重要语法项目，同学们要努力掌握）
对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。 （1）非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 （2）不定式作宾语补足语
Father will not allow us to play on the street. （3）不定式作目的状语
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词
这样的动词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役动词如：have, make, leave,
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 （5）用不带to不定式的情况
使役动词如： let, have, make等和感官动词如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。 （6）接动名词与不定式意义不同
1) stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。
2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) 3) remember to do 记得去做某事。 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事。 (已做) 4) try to do 努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。
5) go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 6) mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着
4. 容易混淆的常用动词的辨析 (1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。 He said he would go there.
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
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初高中衔接教材 ? 英语
2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。
Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr Pope, please?
3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可宾语。 What are you talking about?
Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。 She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month. (2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。 Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual? 2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。 They can't see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday? 3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。 The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。 Don't read in the sun.
I like to read newspapers when I am free. (3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。
1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now. May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能
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