基于单片机msp430的点光源跟踪系统软件设计
设计总说明
随着太阳能技术的不断成熟，太阳能在人们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。点光源跟踪技术正源于对太阳跟踪的需要。本设计采用TI公司的MSP430F149单片机作为控制核心。利用4路光敏三极管(3DU33)来检测点光源的位置并将检测到的信号经过放大传给控制器MSP430F149单片机，经过单片机的运算和处理来确定点光源的运动趋势，并将运算的控制信号传给两台步进电机，使其跟随点光源运动。当水平方向上的2路光敏三极管测量数值相对接近，同时竖直方向上的2路光敏三极管测量数值也相对接近时，位于竖直传感器中间的激光笔将精确的指向点光源。同时将光敏三极管检测的信号显示在LCD液晶屏幕上。
该系统主要包含3个模块分别是AD转换模块，LCD显示模块，步进电机控制模块。其中步进电机的控制是核心，正是通过对步进电机的控制实现对点光源的跟踪，最后会通过proteus进行仿真。 关键词：MSP430；跟踪；AD转换；步进电机；仿真
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Msp430 microcontroller-based point source tracking system
Software Design Design Description
With solar energy development, solar energy technologies of the people's lives play more and more important role. some sources of tracing is on the track's needs. The text of the \integrated circuits to control msp430f149 as the core. Using 4 phototransistor (3DU33) to detect the location of a point source is detected and amplified signal to pass the controller MSP430F149 microcontroller, operation and processing through the MCU to determine trends in the movement of light source, and operation of the control signal transmission to two stepper motors, to follow the point source movement. When the horizontal direction, 2-way phototransistor relatively close to measured values, while 2-way vertical phototransistor on the measured values are relatively close, the sensor is located in the middle of the vertical laser pointer to point to the exact point of light. Phototransistor detected the same time are shown on the LCD liquid crystal screen.
This system mainly include three modules is AD conversion module, LCD display module, stepping motor control module. Among them the step motor control is the core, it is through the control of stepping motor of point light realize the tracking. Will finally pass proteus, and simulation of proteus software. Key Words: MSP430; tracking;Ad switch ;stepper motor ; simulation
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目录
1绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 2硬件组成 ................................................................................................................... 2 2.1MSP430F149简介 .............................................................................................. 2 2.2步进电机简介 .................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1步进电机的构造 .......................................................................................... 4 2.2.2步进电机的运转原理 .................................................................................. 4 2.2.3步进电动机的特征 ...................................................................................... 4 2.3主要电路 ............................................................................................................ 5 2.3.1电流检测电路 .............................................................................................. 5 2.3.2电机驱动电路 .............................................................................................. 6 2.3.3 液晶显示电路 ............................................................................................. 6 2.3.4复位电路 ...................................................................................................... 6 2.3.5 晶振电路 ..................................................................................................... 7 3软件总体方案设计 ................................................................................................... 8 3.1 C语言基础 ........................................................................................................ 8 3.2 软件开发平台 ................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1IAR简介 ....................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2IAR应用 ....................................................................................................... 9 3.3主程序模块 ...................................................................................................... 12 3.4信号采集模块 .................................................................................................. 14
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3.5LCD显示模块 .................................................................................................. 15 3.6步进电机控制模块 .......................................................................................... 23 4仿真 ......................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Proteus简介 ..................................................................................................... 26 4.2电路仿真 .......................................................................................................... 28 4.3 系统调试结果 ................................................................................................. 28 5 总结 ........................................................................................................................ 31 致谢 ............................................................................................................................ 32 参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 33 附录 ............................................................................................................................ 34
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1绪论
当今社会能源日益紧缺，新能源的开发利用成了十分重大的课题。太阳能清洁无污染取之不尽用之不竭，是新能源中的佼佼者。太阳跟踪技术就是正是在这个背景下产生，而点光源跟踪技术正是源于太阳跟踪技术。点光源跟踪设计主要是通过单片机对步进电机的控制实现对点光源的跟踪。本设计的重点就在于如何控制步进电机。步进电机步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元步进电机件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度，称为“步距角”，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。MSP430单片机具有处理能力强运算速度快，超低功耗的特点。MSP430单片机和步进电机是点光源跟踪技术设计的核心硬件。软件部分的设计也是围绕单片机对步进电机的控制展开的。
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