幻灯片22 幻灯片23
5.2 Turning and Lathe
Lathe bed is foundation of the engine lathe, which is heavy, rugged casting made to support the working parts of the lathe. The size and mass of the bed gives the rigidity necessary for accurate engineering tolerances required in manufacturing. On top of the bed are machined slideways that guide and align the carriage and tailstock, as they are move from one end of the lathe to the other. ? rugged adj. 健壮，坚固 ? mass n. 质量 ? slideways n.导轨
床身是普通车床的基础，它是由沉重而坚固的铸件制作而成的，其目的是为了支撑车床的工作部件。床身的尺寸和质量要使车床具有足够的刚性以保证制造过程中获得所需的工程公差。床身上的导轨可以引导和对准拖板和尾座，使它们可以从车床的一端移动到另一端。 幻灯片24
5.2 Turning and Lathe
? Headstock is clamped atop the bed at left-hand end of the lathe and contains the motor that drives the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways through a series of gears housed within the gearbox.
The function of gearbox is to generate a number of different spindle speeds.
? atop adv. 在(…)顶上 ? gearbox 齿轮箱
床头箱（主轴箱）紧固在床身上面的左端，内装有电机，它通过变速箱内的一组齿轮来驱动主轴转动，主轴的轴线平行于导轨。变速箱的功能是可以产生不同的主轴转速。 幻灯片25
5.2 Turning and Lathe
? A spindle gear is mounted on the rear of the spindle to transmit power through the change gears to the feeding box that distributes the power to the lead screw for threading or to the feed rod for turning.
? on the rear of 在…的尾部 ? change gears 挂轮 ? lead screw 丝杠 ? feed rod 光杠
主轴齿轮安装在主轴的尾部，通过挂轮把动力传递到进给箱，如果是车螺纹，进给箱将动力分配到丝杠上；如果是车削，就将动力分配到光杠上。
幻灯片26
5.2 Turning and Lathe
? The spindle has a through hole extending lengthwise through which bar stocks can be fed if continuous production is used. The hole can hold a plain lathe center by its tapered inner surface and mount a chuck, a face plate or collet by its threaded outer surface. ? taper n.坡度，锥形 v.锥度加工 ? collet n.夹头
主轴有一个纵向通孔，如果连续加工棒料，通孔就用来实现棒料的送料。这个通孔具有一个内锥面，可以安装普通车床的中心顶尖。主轴的外表面车有螺纹，可以安装卡盘，花盘或夹头。 幻灯片27 幻灯片28
5.2 Turning and Lathe
Carriage assembly is actually an H-shaped block that sits across the guideways and in front of lathe bed. The function of the carriage is to carry and move the cutting tool longitudinally. It can be moved by hand or by power and can be clamped into position with a locking nut. The carriage is composed of the cross slide, compound rest, tool saddle, and apron.
拖板组件实际上是一个H形的铸件，位于床身的前端并横跨在导轨
上。拖板的功能带动刀具纵向移动，这个可以通过手动或者自动完成。利用锁紧螺母可以将其卡紧在所需位置。拖板组件由横拖板，小刀架，刀架鞍板和溜板箱组成。 幻灯片29
5.2 Turning and Lathe
Carriage assembly 拖板组件 cross slide 横拖板 compound rest 小刀架 tool saddle 刀架鞍板 apron 溜板箱
幻灯片30 小拖板 纵向移动 刀架 装夹车刀 中拖板 横向移动 床鞍 纵向移动 溜板箱
变换箱外手柄位置，在光杠或丝杠的传动下，可使车刀按要求方向作进给运动
幻灯片31 幻灯片32
5.2 Turning and Lathe
? The cross slide is mounted on the dovetail guideways on the top of the saddle and it moved back and forth at 90°to the axis of the lathe by the cross slide lead screw. The lead screw can be hand or power activated. ? dovetail 燕尾槽
横拖板安装在刀架鞍板上部的燕尾槽导轨上。它利用横拖板丝杠于车床轴线成90度夹角的方向上前后移动。丝杠可以手动或者自动驱动。 幻灯片33
5.2 Turning and Lathe
? The compound rest is mounted on the cross slide and can be swiveled and clamped at any angle in a horizontal plane. The compound is typically used for cutting chamfers or tapers, but must also be used when cutting thread. The compound rest can only be fed by hand. There is no power to compound rest. The cutting tool and tool holder are secured in the tool post which is mounted directly to the compound rest. ? swivel ['sw?v?l] v.旋转