? Knee
? The feed change gearing is enclosed within the knee.
? The lever can be raised or lowered either by hand or power feed. ? gearing n.传动机构 lever n.杠杆;控制杆
? 升降台里有可以改变进给量的齿轮传动机构。 ? 操作杆向上或向下以实现手动或自动进给。
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5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? Saddle supports the table and can move transversely, which slides on a horizontal dovetail, parallel to the axis of the spindle, on the knee. The swivel table (on universal machines only) is attached to the saddle and can be swiveled approximately 45°in either direction. ? transversely 横向 ? dovetail 燕尾槽
床鞍在升降台上，支撑着工作台，可以在平行于主轴轴线的水平燕尾槽中横向滑动。回转工作台（只有在万能铣床上）安装在床鞍上，可以沿任意方向回转大约45度 幻灯片46
5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? Power feed mechanism is contained in the knee and controls the longitudinal, transverse (in and out) and vertical feeds.
? On some universal knee and column milling machines the feed is obtained by turning the speed selection handle until the desired rate of feed is indicated on the feed dial. ? dial [?dai?l] n.刻度盘、标度盘
? 动力进给机构位于升降台内部，控制纵向、横向及垂直进给。 ? 在有些升降台立式万能铣床中，通过旋转转速选择手柄直到所需的进给速率与进给刻度盘上的标记对齐，就可以获得所需的进给量。
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5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? The worktable can be moved longitudinally with respect to the saddle by hand or by power.
? Place the end of the directional feed control lever to the left to feed the table to the left.
? 工作台可以相对于床鞍手动或自动纵向移动。 ? 将方向进给手柄搬到左边，工作台就向左边进给。
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5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? Head contains the spindle and cutter holder. In vertical machines the head may be fixed or vertically adjustable.
? The front of the spindle, which is near the table, has an internal taper machined on it. The internal taper (3 ? inches per foot) permits mounting tapered-shank cutter holders and cutter arbor. Two keys, located on the face of the spindle, provide a positive drive for the cutter holder, or arbor.
? 主轴头包含哟主轴和刀夹。在立式铣床中，主轴头要么是固定的要么是垂直可调的。
? 主轴接近工作台的前端加工有一个内锥孔。内锥孔可以固定锥形刀具夹头和铣刀杆。位于主轴端面上的两个键给刀夹或刀杆提供强制驱动。
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5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? Overarm is the horizontal beam to which the arbor support is fastened. The overarm may be single casting that slides in the dovetail guideways on the top of the column. It may consist of one or two cylindrical bars that slide through the hole in the column.
? 横梁是一个水平的梁，用以固定刀杆支架。横梁有可能是一个铸件，它可以沿着立柱上部的燕尾槽导轨滑动。它可能由一根或两根圆柱构成，穿过立柱上的孔进行滑动。
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5.3 Milling and Milling Machine
? On some machines to position the overarm, first unclamp the locknuts and then extend the overarm by turning a crank. On others, the overarm is moved by merely pushing on it. The overarm should only be extended far enough to so position the arbor support as to make the setup as rigid as possible. To place the arbor supports on an overarm, extend one of the bars approximately 1-inch farther than the other bar.
? 在一些铣床上对横梁进行定位时，首先是松开自锁螺母，然后转动曲柄将横梁伸出。在另一些铣床上，只需利用推力就可以移动横梁。横梁应该尽可能伸长以使刀杆支架的安装具有足够的刚度。为了将刀杆支架固定在横梁上，需要将一个圆柱杆比另一个圆柱杆伸长约1英寸左右。
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5.4 Drilling and Drill Press
? Definition of drill ? Hole-making operations ? Drilling ? Reaming ? Tapping ? Counterboring ? Countersinking ? Spotfacing ? Boring ? Types of drill press ? Sensitive bench type ? Upright type ? Radial type ? Special purpose type
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5.4 Drilling and Drill Press
? Definition of drill
? Drill can be defined as a rotary end cutting tool having one or more cutting lips, and having one or more helical or straight flutes for passage of chips and the admission of a cutting fluid. ? Lip n. 嘴唇，边缘，凸缘