复变函数与积分变换(修订版)课后答案(复旦大学出版社)
20. 若z=x+iy,求证 (1) sinz=sinxchy+icosx?shy 证明:
sinz??e?e2i12i.?eiz?iz
当y→+∞时,e-y→0,ey→+∞有|sinz|→∞. 当y→-∞时,e-y→+∞,ey→0有|sinz|→∞.
cos?x?iy??1e?y?xiy?xi?ei?x?iy??e2i??x?yi??i2同理得
所以当y→∞时有|cosz|→∞.
?e≥12?e?y?ey?
?y?xi?ey?xi?习题三
的直线段.
?e?i?x?yi??sinx?chy?icosx.shy(2)cosz=cosx?chy-isinx?shy 证明:
cosz????e?e21212iz?iz1. 计算积分C?(x?y?ix2)dz,其中C为从原点到点1+i
?12??ei?x?yi??解 设直线段的方程为y?x,则z?x?ix.
0?x?1
?e?y?xi?ey?xi?故
?e?y??cosx?isinx??ey.?cosx?isinx??y?y?yy??e?e?.cosx??isinx.??2???x?y?ixC2?dz???x?y?ix?d(x?ix)201e?e2??cosx.chy?isinx.shy
?10ix(1?i)dx?i(1?i)?213x310?i3(1?i)?i?13
(3)|sinz|2=sin2x+sh2y 证明:
sinz?12i2. 计算积分C
?(1?z)dz,其中积分路径C为
?e?y?xi?ey?xi??sinx?chy?icosx?shy(1) 从点0到点1+i的直线段;
(2) 沿抛物线y=x2,从点0到点1+i的弧段. 解 (1)设z?x?ix. 0?x?1
sinz2?sinxchy?cosx.shy222222?sinx?chy?shy???cosx?sinx?shy2222?sinx?shy22
??1?z?dz???1?0C1x??ix(d?x)ix?i
(4)|cosz|2=cos2x+sh2y
证明:cosz?cosxchy?isinxshy
cosz22z?x?ix(2)设. 0?x?1
??1?z?dz?cosx.chy?sinx.shy222222?cosx?chy?shy???cosx?sinx?.shy2222???1?x?ix?d(x?ix2012)?2i3C
?cosx?shy22
3. 计算积分C?zdz,其中积分路径C为
21. 证明当y→∞时,|sin(x+iy)|和|cos(x+iy)|都趋于无穷大. 证明:
sinz?12i(1) 从点-i到点i的直线段;
(2) 沿单位圆周|z|=1的左半圆周,从点-i到点i; (3) 沿单位圆周|z|=1的右半圆周,从点-i到点i.
?eiz?e?iz??1??e?y?xi?ey?xi?2i?1?y?1解 (1)设z?iy.
?ey?xisinz?12?e?y?y?xi?Czdz??1?1ydiy?i?ydy?i?11
∴
e?y?xi?e12ey?xi?ey
3?y?e??sinz≥?e?y?xi?ey?xi??1?e?y2i?(2)设z?e. ?从2到2
而
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复变函数与积分变换(修订版)课后答案(复旦大学出版社)
???Czdz??23?21dei??i?23?2dei??2i(4)在C4所围的区域内包含两个奇点z?0,z?i,
故
3????1z(z?1)2i?(3) 设z?e. ?从2到2
Cdz???C4(1z?12z?i?1?12z?i?1)dz?2?i??i??i
i210.利用牛顿-莱布尼兹公式计算下列积分. (1)
???2i0??Czdz??23?21dei??2izcosdz2 (2) ??100?iedz?z (3) ?1(2?iz)dzdz
Cz???6. 计算积分
?e?sinz?dzz,其中C为
z?a?0.
(4) 1解 (1)
?iln(z?1)z?1dz (5) ?z?sinzdz (6)
?i1?tanzcosz21
解
???zC?e?sinz?dz?z??Czdz???Ce?sinzdzz???2i0z1zcosdz?sin222??2i0?2ch1
z?a∵e?sinz在所围的区域内解析
z(2)
?∴?Ce?sinzdz?0z
2?0??0?iedz??e?z?z0??ii??22
113?(2?iz)i3i1从而
???zC?e?sinz?dz?z2?0??Czdz??adaei?(3) (4)
?i?i1(2?iz)dz?21?i1(2?iz)d(2?iz)???113?i3
?ai?C2ed??0i?ln(z?1)z?11dz??i1ln(z?1)dln(z?1)?12ln(z?1)2i11?2??(?3ln2)84
2z???故
?e?sinz?dz?0z(5)
7. 计算积分(1)(4)
C1??121z(z?1)2?dz10z?sinzdz???zdcosz??zcosz0110??10coszdz?sin1?cos1
C,其中积分路径为
C2(6)
12:z? (2)
32C:z?32? i1?tanzcosz21dz??i1seczdz?2?i1secztanzdz?tanz2i1?12tanz2i1 (3)
C3:z?i?11?????tan1?tan21?th21??ith1?22?C4:z?i?
1解:(1)在奇点z?0.
z?12所围的区域内,z(z?1)只有一个
(1)
1z1111211. 计算积分
z?i?1??e2zCz?1dz,其中C为 (3)
z?2 (2)
z?i?1
解 (1)
??1z(z?1)2Cdz???C1(?2z?i??2z?i?)dz?2?i?0?0?2?i??.
e2zCz?1dz???ezC(z?i)(z?i)dz?2?i?ezz?iz?i??ei(2)在故
C2所围的区域内包含三个奇点
z?0,z??i
(2)
??1z(z?1)2Cdz???C2(1z?12z?i?1?12z?i?1??)dz?2?i??i??i?0e2zCz?1dz???ezC(z?i)(z?i)dz?2?i?ezz??iz?i???e?i
(3)
(3)在2所围的区域内包含一个奇点z??i,故
C??e2zCz?1dz???e2zC1z?1dz???e2zC2z?1dz??e??ei?i?2?isin1
??1z(z?1)2Cdz???C3(1z?12z?i?1?12z?i?1)dz?0?0??i???i 12 / 34
复变函数与积分变换(修订版)课后答案(复旦大学出版社)
(1)??x?6xy?3xy?2y;(2)??ecosy?1?i(esiny?1).
xx3223解(1) 设∴
16. 求下列积分的值,其中积分路径C均为|z|=1.
ezz5w?u?i?,u?x3?6xy?3xy22?2y3 ??0
?u?x?3x?12xy?3y22?u ?y??6x?6xy?6y22
? (1) ?Cdz (2)
??coszz3Cdz (3)
??C2dz,z?02(z?z0)2tanz1?u2
?x2?6x?12y?u2 ?y2??6x?12y
解 (1) 从而有
2?i4!(e)z(4)z?0??ezz5Cdz???i12
?u?x22??u?y22?0,w满足拉普拉斯方程,从而是调和函数.
w?u?i?(2)
(2)
coszz3,
u?e?cosy?1x
??Cdz?2?i2!(cosz)(2)z?0???i
??e?siny?1 ?u?e?cosyxx(3)
?u??C2dz?2?i(tanz)'2(z?z0)tanzz?z0??isec2z02∴?x
?u?x2C ?y?u2??e?sinyx
??e?cosyx217. 计算积分
??1(z?1)(z?1)3?e?cosyxCdz3,其中积分路径为
?y2
从而有
?u?x22(1)中心位于点z?1,半径为R?2的正向圆周
(2) 中心位于点z??1,半径为R?2的正向圆周
??u?y22?0,u满足拉普拉斯方程,从而是调和函
数. ???x?e?sinyx?? ?y2?e?cosyx
??siny?ex??2
解:(1)
C?x22?e?siny???y22x?? ?y2
内包含了奇点z1dz?3?1
1(z?1))3(2)z?1??∴
??2?i2!C(z?1)(z?1)3(?3?i8
?x2??0,?满足拉普拉斯方程,从而是调和函
数.
22(2)
C内包含了奇点z1(z?1)(z?1)33??1,
(1(z?1)3∴
??Cdz?2?i2!)(2)z??1??3?i8
20.证明:函数数,但
u?x?y??,
xx?y都是调和函
2219. 验证下列函数为调和函数.
f(z)?u?i?不是解析函数
证明:
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复变函数与积分变换(修订版)课后答案(复旦大学出版社)
?u?x?2x2?u ?y?u?y2??2y?u2 ?x2?2?u2 ?y2??2???(x,y)(1,0)(??u?yxdx??u?xdy)?C??x12yydx?xdy?C?40(x2?y2)2xx2
?1x?1??u2x?y22xy?2?1?C20x?y∴?x???x???x222?2?0,从而u是调和函数.
22f(z)?yx?y22?i(xx?y22?1?C)?y?x2???y?(x??2?2xy222?y)
6xy?2x(x?y)22233
(x?y) ?6xy?2x(x?y)223232由f(1)?0.,得C=0 ?1??f?z??i??1??z?
? ?y2?
??2∴?x2????y22?023.设
,从而?是调和函数. ?u?????x
p(z)?(z?a1)(z?a2)?(z?an),其中
ai(?i1,?2,na1,a2,?,an?u但∵?x???各不相同,闭路C不通过
?y ?y,证明积分 dz∴不满足C-R方程,从而f(z)?u?i?不是解析函数.
22.由下列各已知调和函数,求解析函数f(z)?u?i?
u?yx?y?u22??2πiC1p?(z)p(z)
等于位于C内的p(z)的零点的个数.
证明: 不妨设闭路C内P(z)的零点的个数为k, 其
(1)u?x?y?xy (2)
?u22,f(1)?0
???x零点分别为
1P?(z)P(z)1z?a1a1,a2,...akn
n解 (1)因为
所以
????(0,0)??x2?x?2x?y????y
?y??2y?x??
??2πi?1Cdz???2πi11?(z?ak?2Ck)?(z?a1)?(z?ak)?...(z?a1)...(z?an?1)k?3(z?a1)(z?a2)...(z?an)1z?a2Cdz??2πiCdz?1??2πiCdz?...?1??2πiC11z?andz1Cdz(x,y)?u?ydx??u?x(x,y)x?xdx?y(2x?y)dy?Cdy?C??(2y?x)dx?(2x?y)dy?C??0?0(0,0)2?y2?1?1?...?1??????k个??2πi1z?ak?1dz?...???2πi2?2xy?Cz?an?kf(z)?x?y?xy?i(?22x22?y224.试证明下述定理(无界区域的柯西积分公式): 设
?2xy?C)2f(z)在闭路C及其外部区域D内解析,且
limf(z)?A??z??令y=0,上式变为 f(x)?x?i(2,则
z?D,z?G.x22?C)
??f(z)?A,d????A,2πiC??z?1f(?)
从而 f(z)?z?i??u2其中G为C所围内部区域.
z22?iC
证明:在D内任取一点Z,并取充分大的R,作圆
?u?x?y2222(2)?x??2xy222CR:
z?R,将C与Z包含在内
CR(x?y) ?y(x?y)2则f(z)在以C及分公式,有
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为边界的区域内解析,依柯西积
用线积分法,取(x0,y0)为(1,0),有
复变函数与积分变换(修订版)课后答案(复旦大学出版社)
f(z)?12πi[??f(?)CR??zd?-??f(?)?C??zd?]
?n?11?i2n?1?n???n?11?(?1)?in?n???n?11n?(?1)nn?i
f(??z)因为
??zf(?) 在
??R上解析,且
1z?limf(?)?1???因为?n?11n发散,所以?n?11?i2n?1n发散
???lim????z?limf(?)?????1??(2)?
n?11?5i2n???(n?1n262)发散 1252n所以,当Z在C外部时,有 f(z)?A???2πi1f(?)又因为lim(d?n??1?5i2n)?lim(n???i)?0
nC??z
?即
??2πi12πi1f(?)C??zd???f(z)?A所以?(n?11?5i2πi)发散
(3)
f(?)d?]?设Z在C内,则f(z)=0,即 0?[??1f(?)d???n?1en?n??n?11n发
π散,又因为
CR??z??C??ziπ
??n?1enn?c1??n?故有:2πi???f(?)πo?snnin??s?n?1inππ(cos?isin)n1nn收
C??zd??A敛,所以不绝对收敛.
?习题四
1. 复级数?an与?bn都发散,则级数?(an?bn)n?1n?1n?1(4) ??in??n?1lnn??lnn
n?11和
??an?1nbn发散.这个命题是否成立?为什么?
因为
?1lnn?1n?1
答.不一定.反例:
??an?1n??n?in,?b2n?1n?111?n???n?in发散
2n?1?11所以级数不绝对收敛. 又因为当n=2k时, 级数化为
?但?(an?bn)?n?1??n???n?1i?2n2收敛
当n=2k+1时, 级数化为?k?1??k?1(?1)k收敛
ln2k?(an?1??bn)???n?12n2发散
?1n4(?1)k也收敛
ln(2k?1)?an?1nbn??[?(nn?11)]收敛.
2.下列复数项级数是否收敛,是绝对收敛还是条件收敛?
?所以原级数条件收敛
(5)
?(1)?n?11?i2n?1?iπn (2)?n?1(1?5i2)n (3) ?n?1??
n?0cosin2n???n?012nn?e?e2n?n?12e?1?en?()?22n?02nen1??n?0(12e)
nn??(4) ?n?1in其中?(?e2?) 发散,?(n?0)收敛
lnn (5) ?n?0cosin2nn?0
(1)
所以原级数发散.
3.证明:若Re(an)?0,且?an和?an2收敛,则级数
n?1n?1?解
??a绝对收敛.
2nn?1 15 / 34