④ They have lived there for almost 20 years. 他们在那儿住了差不多有二十年了。 ⑤ I almost forgot that it was her birthday today. 我差点忘了今天是她的生日。
【注】almost修饰形容词、副词、动词，位置在被修饰的词语之前，通常不直接修饰名词。 ★almost可以与no, none, nobody, nothing, never连用而nearly则不可。如: ① Almost no one believed her. 几乎没有人相信她。 ② I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。
③ Almost none of the students passed the exam. 几乎没有学生通过考试。 ④ There’s almost no place to sit. 差不多没地方坐了。
★nearly意为“几乎”“差不多”，可以修饰不定代词、动词、介词短语等，表达的意义要比almost弱。如:
① Nearly all the guests are here. 差不多所有客人都到了。
② He thinks that he knows nearly everything. 他自认为几乎无所不知。 ③ I’m nearly ready. 我差不多准备好了。
④ She nearly won first prize. 她几乎得到头奖。
★nearly用作数词前，意为“大约”“差不多”。如: ① It’s nearly 5 o’clock. 大约五点钟了。 ② He’s nearly sixty. 他差不多60岁了。
★not nearly意为“相差很远”“远远少于”，相当于far from, much less than。如: ① There isn’t nearly enough time to learn all these new words. 要把这些新词都学会了，时间远远不够。
② We are not nearly ready for the inspection. 对检查一事，我们还远远未准备好。 ③ It is not nearly so easy as you think. 这远不是你们所想的那么容易。
④ There are not enough people here to do the job. 这工作远非这里的人就能干好的。 11. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here. 明朝和清朝的皇帝过去常常住在这里。
★used to do表示“过去常常做某事”，言外之意就是现在已不是如此，因此没有现在时，后面总是跟不定式。如:
① It used to be a very rich village. 这个村子以前很富。
② We used to help him a lot when he first came here. 他刚来时我们经常给他以帮助。 ③ She used to come and see me a lot. 她以前常来看我。
【注】used to构成疑问句时可借助于助动词did或直接将used移至主语之前。如:
Did you used to see each other? = Used you to see each other? 你们以前经常相互见面吗?
★used to在构成否定时可借且于didn’t，也可直接在used后面加not构成。如: ① She didn’t use to drink. = She used not to drink. 她过去不常喝酒。
★be used to +名词或动名词表示“习惯于某事或做某事”，这里to为介词，后面的动词须用-ing形式。如:
① I’m really not used to such close and wet weather. 我实在不习惯这样闷热且潮湿的天气。
② He’s used to being treated like that. 他已习惯于被那样对待。
③ I’m used to dealing with matters of this kind. 我已习惯于处理这类事。
【注】连系动词get, become, grow, seem等可用来代替be，和used to连用，强调逐渐习惯的过程。如:
① You’ll get used to that in time. 你很快就会对此习惯的。
② I’ve become used to such food. 我已习惯吃这样的食品。 ★be used to do表示“被用来做某事”，这里be used是被动语态，后面接不定式。如: ① This room is used to store rice. 这间屋是用来存放稻谷的。
② This word can be used to replace that word. 这个单词可以用来代替那个单词。 12. It was changed to a museum about 70 years ago. 大约在七十年以前，它被改成了博物馆。
★change用作及物动词，意为“改变”“变化”“使改变”。如: ① He changed his name and address. 他更改了他的姓名和地址。 ② The wind has changed direction. 风改变了方向。
③ Leaves change colour in autumn. 秋天，树叶改变了颜色。 ④ Information technology has changed the way people work. 信息技术已改变了人们的工作方式。 【注】过去分词可作表语或定语。如:
① Yes, she was utterly changed. 是的，她有了非常大的变化。 ② She was a changed girl. 她完全变了一个人。
★change用作及物动词，意为“换(衣、药、钱等)”“交换”。如: ① She likes changing her clothes when she wants to go out. 她想要出去时，喜欢换换衣服。
② Remember to change their dressing in time. 记得及时给他们换药。 ③ Yesterday they changed their seats with the children in the cinema. 昨天在电影院里，他们和孩子们调了一下座位。
④ Can you change the dollars into RMB? 你能把这些美元换成人民币吗? ★change用作不及物动词，意为“改变”“变化”“换衣”“换车”。如: ① Pudong has changed a great deal. 浦东发生了巨大变化。
② Mike hasn’t changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school. 迈克一点没有变，他和上学时一模一样。
③ I went into the bedroom to change. 我走进卧室更衣。
④ Where do I get off to change to Bus 14? 换十四路公共汽车在哪儿下? ⑤ Passengers for Xian change at Zhengzhou. 到西安的旅客在郑州换车。 ★change用作名词，有“变化”“改变”“转变”“更改”的意思。如: ① Great changes have taken place since he left. 他离开后变化很大。 ② We must make a change in the plan. 我们应该对计划作一点更动。 ★change用作不可数名词，有“找头”“零钱”的意思。如: ① I have no change about me. 我身边没有零钱。
② I don’t have any small change to leave as a tip. 我没有零钱留下来付小费。
13. You will be attracted by its beautiful design, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past.
你会被它美丽的设计、过去皇帝穿的衣服和用的家具所吸引。
★attract是动词，表示“吸引”“引起”兴趣、关注、赞赏等，后面的宾语可以是人，也可以是sth.。如:
① He was attracted by her smile. 他被她的微笑所吸引。
② I guess it was her eyes that attracted me first. 我想是她的眼睛先迷住了我。 ③ What attracts me most to the job is the chance to travel. 这份工作最吸引我的是有旅行的机会。
④ Her new book has attracted a lot of attention. 她的新书吸引了许多人的注意。 ⑤ It was so noisy that he had to shout to attract attention. 太吵闹了，他不得不高声叫喊以吸引他人的注意。
⑥ The story has attracted a lot of interest in the media. 该报道引起了传媒的广泛关注。 【注】attract后接sb.作宾语时，常可与介词to连用，attract sb. to sth.意为“吸引某人到某事物上来”，如句③;attract后接sth.作宾语时，作宾语的名词通常为attention, interest等，如句④、⑤和⑥。表示吸引某人的注意力可以说attract/invite/draw/call one’s attention;表示“注意别人或其他事物”应说pay attention to sb./sth.，两者意思相反，如:Her sweet voice attracted other’s attention. (她甜美的声音吸引了人们的注意。)
★动词attract还可以表示“招引”“吸引”“引诱”的意思。如: ① A magnet attracts iron. 磁石吸铁。 ② Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。
③ The company is trying to attract good college graduates. 这家公司试图吸引优秀的大学毕业生。
④ They’re trying to use low rents to attract more new business to this area. 他们试图用低租金来吸引更多新企业到这一地区来。
★attraction是动词attract的名词形式，意为“引力”“吸引力”“诱惑力”“吸引或诱惑人的人或物”。如:
① The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the tide. 月球对地球的吸引力引起了潮汐。
② Being your own boss is one of the attractions of owning your own business. 自己当老板是拥有自己的企业的吸引力之一。
③ The beautiful beaches are the island’s main attraction. 美丽的海滩是这个岛吸引人的主要之处。
14. Just next to the Forbidden City is Tian’ anmen Square. 紧挨着紫禁城的是天安门广场。
★just作副词，意为“正好”“恰好”，作此意解时通常只用于肯定句中。如: ① It is just two o’clock. 现在正好两点钟。 ② This is just the point. 问题就在这里。
③ I was just going when she came in. 她进来时我正要走。
【注】just意为“正好”“恰好”，表示强调，是副词，作状语，修饰形容词、动词、副词等。如:
① That is just long enough. 那正够长。
② He was just standing when the bell rang. 铃响时他正要站起来。 ③ She was sitting just here. 她那时就坐在这儿。 ④ That’s just what I wanted. 我要的正是那个。 ★just作副词，可表示“仅仅”“只是”。如:
① Just a line to let you know that I have arrive in Shanghai. 略写几句告诉你，我已到达上海。 ② He is just a child. 他只是个孩子。
★just作副词，还可表示“刚才”“方才”。如: ① He was just here. 他刚才还在这儿。
② He just told me about it. 他刚才才告诉我这件事。
③ He has just left here. 他刚离开这儿。
【注】just意思是“刚才”“方才”，英国英语中常与现在完成时连用，置于助动词和动词之间;just now表示“片刻之前(= a moment ago)”，与过去时连用，不与完成时连用。在美国英语中，just常被置于动词前，与过去时连用。如: ① I have just seen her. 我刚刚见过她。 ② I saw him just now. 我刚才见到了他。 ③ The train has just arrived. 火车刚刚到了。 ④ The train jus arrived. 火车刚刚才到。
★just用作副词，常与only连用，意思是“勉勉强强地”“差一点就不能”“好不容易才”。如:
① We could just see the roof. 我们勉强能看到屋顶。
② I only just caught the last bus. 我差一点赶不上末班公共汽车。 ③ I just managed to finish the work. 我好不容易才完成工作。
★just用于祈使句句首，以加强说话人的语气，意思是“试请”“且请”。如: ① Just think of the result! 就请考虑一下后果吧! ② Just a moment, please. 请稍等片刻。 ③ Just feel it! 你摸摸看! 15. peace一词的用法
★peace作不可数名词，意为“和平”“安静”“平静”。如: ① We love peace but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但我们也不怕战争。
② After the war, there were ten years of peace. 战后有十年的和平时期。 ③ Here is peace in the countryside at night. 农村夜间是安静的。 ④ A man who is wanted by the police can have little peace of mind. 被警察追捕的人的心情是不会太平静的。
⑤ Knowing that she had arrived safely restored my peace of mind. 得知她已平安到达，我就安心了。
★peace作名词，还可以解释为“和约”。如:
① Peace was signed in the spring of that year. 和约是在那年春天签订的。 ② A peace was at last signed between the two countries. 两国终于签订了和约。
★peaceful作形容词，意为“安静的”“和平的”“平静的”“爱好和平的”。如: ① The hillsides looked very peaceful. 山坡上看来十分宁静。 ② China is a peaceful nation. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家。
③ I want to live in a place more peaceful than here. 我想住在一个比这里更安静的地方。
★in peace意为“安静”“安宁”。如:
① Leave me in peace to read my book. 让我安静地看书吧。 ② Leave him in peace; he’s trying to work. 别吵他，他要工作。 ★make peace意为“休战”“讲和”。如:
① The two countries made peace. 这两个国家休战了。
② The leaders of the two nations decided to make peace. 两国领导人决定讲和。 16. It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists. 它(天安门广场)是世界上最大的广场，并总是挤满了游客。
★fill是动词，意思是“(使)充满”“(使)装满”，表示一个动作。如:
① Please fill the glass with water. 请把杯子注满水。 ② He filled the bag with clothes. 他把包装满衣服。
★fill也可表示一个状态，相当于be filled with，但表达形式不同，请注意下面的表达法。
① Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。 ② Tears filled her eyes. = Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。
③ People were filled with pleasure at the news. 听了这个消息，人们心中充满了喜悦。 【注】句③是一种引申用法，不宜说Pleasure filled people?。
★full是形容词，意思是“满的”“充满的”。Be full of = be filled with，都表示状态，但介词搭配不一样。如:
① The bag is full of (或filled with) books. 包里装满了书。
② His homework was full of (或filled with ) mistakes. 他的作业里都是错误。
17. Many of them gather here to watch the raising of the national flag at sunrise every day.
每天，他们中有许多人在太阳升起的时候聚集在这里看升国旗。 ★gather用作动词，意为“集合”“聚集”“??靠拢”。如: ① Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert. 数以千计的群众聚集起来听摇滚音乐会。
② A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人。
③ A musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano. 全家围在钢琴旁的音乐晚会。
★gather也可作“采集”“收集”“收拾”解释。如:
① She gathered her belongings and set off. 她把东西收拾好，就走了。 ② It was the time for gathering the harvest of corn. 该收玉米了。
③ Let’s gather some flowers for the festival! 让我们为庆祝节日采些花吧! ④ Children are interested gathering shell-fish at low tide. 孩子们喜欢在落朝时采集贝壳动物。
⑤ The moment the wheat was gathered in, a storm broke out. 麦子刚收好，就下了一场暴雨。
★collect作“收集”“聚集”“收藏”“使集中”解。如:
① The student collected (= gathered) his books and went out of the reading room. 那名学生把书收了起来，走出了阅览室。
② A crowd of people collected (= gathered) to watch the game. 一群人聚集起来观看比赛。
③ Collecting coins/stamps is one of my hobbies. 收集邮币/邮票是我的一种爱好。
④ I’m collecting /gathering information for my research. 我在为我的研究收集信息。 ⑤ Dark clouds are gathering/collecting. 乌云越积越厚。
【注】指一种爱好性质的收集用collect，而不用gather。集中思想且有控制意味，用collect，不用gather。指农民“收拾庄稼”，说gather crops，而不说collect crops。另外，gather可和together连用，而对于collect来说，together则显得多余。可以说He gathered together/collected his papers. 他把稿子集中起来。可以说People gathered together. 或People collected up. 人们聚集了起来。但不说collect together.