民间借贷存在的问题及其法律规制
摘要：在我国民间借贷有着悠久的历史，作为一种古老的融资方式，在历史上对我国经济社会的发展有着举足轻重的作用。进入二十一世纪以来，我国民间借贷的规模逐渐扩大，影响日益深远，在当前我国经济的发展中发挥着重要的作用。民间借贷是一把双刃剑，既有积极作用，也有消极作用。一方面，民间借贷的存在与发展不仅有利于弥补正规金融机构的不足，缓解中小企业的融资困境，也有利于打破金融系统的垄断，推动我国金融体制的改革。另一方面，我们必须看到民间借贷的存在和发展在一定程度上削弱了宏观调控的力度，扰乱了正常的金融秩序，也极易引发债务纠纷问题,给我国的金融稳定和市场经济的平稳运行带来了潜在的风险。因此，为保证国家经济的健康运行和社会主义和谐社会建设的有序推进，规制民间借贷，促进其健康发展就显得极为重要。
本文共分为六个部分。
第一部分在对民间借贷进行概述的基础上阐述了我国民间借贷的基本现状。从民间借贷的市场规模、参与主体、利率、债务纠纷方面对民间借贷的现状进行了深刻的分析。
第二部分在上文的基础上深刻剖析了我国民间借贷盛行的原因。认为由于金融体系的不健全，监管缺位、法制不健全，再加上金融危机造成的经济不紧气以及民间借贷自身的优势等多方因素综合作用下导致了民间借贷的盛行。 第三部分首先系统的阐述了我国民间借贷存在的问题，其次在发现问题的基础上，从外部制度环境和自身缺陷两方面分析概括了制约我国民间借贷发展的因素。
第四部分从发展民间借贷可以破解当前中小型企业融资困境、弥补正规金融机构的不足、推动金融体制改革、拓宽资本投资渠道四个方面探讨了发展民间借贷的可行性。
第五部分通过总结概括台湾、日本、印度等国家和地区规范发展民间金融的策略和经验，提出了对我国发展民间借贷的借鉴和启示。
第六部分首先在上文发现问题的基础上，对我国民间借贷存在的问题在法律上予以规制，深刻而全面的对民间借贷的主体、利率、资金来源如何进行法律规制提出了详细的建议。其次对促进民间借贷的发展在改革体制、健全法律、完善制度、改变思想观念等方面提出了建议。
只有通过健全法制,以法律的形式引导和规范其发展，才有利于在一定程度上消减民间借贷的负面影响，进而促进民间借贷的持续、稳定与健康发展，从而更好地推动我国经济的进一步发展。
关键词：民间借贷 法律规制 存款准备金率 民营企业
Abstract：In our country, folk debit and credit has a long history, as an ancient financing way, in the history of China's economic and social development play a decisive role. Enter since twenty-first Century, our country's folk debit and credit scale is gradually expanding,increasingly far-reaching impact, in China's current economic development plays an important role in. Borrowing is a double-edged sword, has both positive effects, also have negative effect. On one hand, the existence and development of private lending is conducive not only to make up for the lack of formal financial institutions, alleviate the financing predicament of small and medium enterprises, but also conducive to break the monopoly of financial system, promote the reform of China s financial system. On the other hand, we must see the borrowing of the existence and development to a certain extent weaken the strength of macroscopical adjusting control, disrupted the normal financial order, but also easy to trigger a debt dispute, to China's financial stability and market economy brings potential risk, cause the wide attention of social all circles. Therefore, in order to ensure the healthy operation of national economy and construction of socialist harmonious society in an orderly way, regulation of private lending, to promote its healthy development is very important
In this paper, is divided into six parts.
In the first part of folk loan on the basis of summarizing elaborated our country folk debit and credit status. From the private lending market scale, in the main, interest rate, debt dispute on the status of private lending were deeply analyzed.
In the second part, based on above deeply analyzed the reasons for the prevalence of folk credit in china. Because of the financial system is not perfect, the absence of supervision, legal system is not perfect, coupled with the financial crisis caused by the economic is not tight gas as well as borrowing the advantage of oneself and others factors leading private lending in.
The third part firstly elaborated our country folk debit and credit problems, secondly based on the discovery of the problems, from the external system environment and the limitation of two aspects analyzes restricts our country folk leasehold development factor.
The fourth part from the development of private lending can solve the current small and medium enterprises financing dilemma, make up for the lack of formal
financial institutions, promote the reform of the financial system, widen investment channel four respects discussed the feasibility of development of private lending.
The fifth part through the summary of Taiwan, Japan, India and other countries and regions regulating the development of private finance strategy and experience, put forward to the development of China private lending and its enlightenment.
The sixth part first mentioned above are found on the foundation of the problem, to our country folk debit and credit problems in legislation regulation, profound and comprehensive on folk debit and credit, interest rate, capital sources subject to legal regulation put forward detailed suggestions. Secondly, to promote the development of private lending in the reform of system, perfect law, perfect system, changing concept, put forward suggestions.
Improve the legal system, with legal form to guide and standardize the development, is conducive to the elimination of the negative effects of folk loan, promote private lending market sustained, stable and healthy development, so as to better promote the further development of China's economy.
Key words: Private loans Legal regulation Deposit reserve rate Private enterprise