内蒙古科技大学
本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
题 目： 电子水准仪的系统误差 分析与改进 学生姓名： 李靖 学 号： 1072143235 专 业： 测绘工程 班 级： 测绘10-2班 指导教师： 张会战 教授
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
电子水准仪的系统误差分析与改进
摘 要
电子水准仪（也称数字水准仪）是集电子光学、图像处理和计算机技术于一体的测量仪器，是标准的几何测量和数据采集的新一代仪器。它在自动安平水准仪的基础上，在望远镜的光路上增加了分光镜和检测器，并使用条形码以测量光机电一体化的图像处理的电子系统，是新一代的高科技产品。其方便、高效、减轻劳动强度、易于使用的电子手簿，以及内外业一体化的特点，代表了当代电子水准仪的发展方向。
电子水准仪本身也存在一些不足，因为电子水准仪在测量过程中对亮度要求较高，仪器测量时使用的是配套的标尺，如果测量达不到所需的亮度要求，则不能进行正常的测量，所以电子水准仪也处在不断的改进中。
本文主要探讨电子水准仪的系统误差分析与改进。首先介绍了目前常用的各种电子水准仪的原理及它们各自的特点；其次着重分析了电子水准仪在测量中的误差来源、分布规律及影响程度,根据反复多次的实验数据对电子水准仪在测量中的系统误差进行分析，提出相应的改进方法；最后主要以索佳SDL1X电子水准仪和DL-201系列电子水准仪为例进行了一系列的系统误差分析的探讨，根据实验得出相应的结论。
关键词：电子水准仪；误差来源；精度分析与改进；SDL1X；DL-201
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
Electronic level system error analysis and improvement
Abstract
Electronic level (also known as digital level) is a set of electron optics, image processing and computer technology in one of the measuring instrument is the standard geometric measurement and data acquisition of a new generation instruments. It is on the basis of automatic Anping Level on the increase in the optical path of the telescope and the spectroscopic detector, and use barcodes to measure the optical and electrical integration of electronic image processing system, consisting of high-tech products. Its convenient, efficient, reduce labor intensity, easy-to-use electronic hand books, as well as inside and outside the industry, the integration of features, represents the development direction of electronic level.
Electronic level itself, there are also some disadvantages, because the electronic level during the measurement requirements for high brightness, when the instrument is used to measure the scale matching, if not reach the desired brightness measurement requirements, can not be properly measured, so electronic level is also in constant improvements.
This paper focuses on the electronic level system error analysis and improvement. First introduced the principles currently used in various electronic level and their characteristics; secondly analyzes the electronic level error sources, distribution and degree of influence in the measurement of the experimental data on the electronic level repeatedly in the measurement systematic errors are analyzed, the corresponding improved method; finally Sokkia SDL1X mainly electronic level and DL-201 series electronic level example discussed a series of systematic error analysis, based on experimental corresponding conclusions.
Keywords: Electronic level; sources of error; precision analysis and improvement; SDL1X; DL-201
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 第一章 引 言 ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 电子水准仪的应用与发展 ......................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 电子水准仪的应用 .......................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 电子水准仪的发展 .......................................................................................... 3 1.3 课题研究内容 ............................................................................................................. 4 第二章 电子水准仪的原理及特点 .......................................................................................... 6
2.1 电子水准仪的组成及原理 ......................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 电子水准仪的组成 .......................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 电子水准仪的基本原理 .................................................................................. 6 2.1.3 索佳SDL1X电子水准仪的基本原理 ............................................................ 8 2.1.4 拓普康DL-201电子水准仪的基本原理 ........................................................ 9 2.2 电子水准仪的特点 ................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 与光学水准仪相比具有的特点 .................................................................... 11 2.2.2 常用电子水准仪的技术指标 ........................................................................ 13 2.2.3 电子水准仪的精度指标 ................................................................................ 16 2.2.4 电子水准仪与传统水准仪的差异 ................................................................ 17
第三章 电子水准仪的系统误差 ............................................................................................ 18
3.1 主要误差来源 ........................................................................................................... 18
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
3.2 针对各误差进行分析 ............................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 对i角误差进行分析和改进 ......................................................................... 18 3.2.2 观测时带来的误差 ........................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 尺垫下沉和地球曲率与大气折光的影响 .................................................... 22 3.2.4 SDL1X电子水准仪标尺在测量时产生的误差 ............................................ 25 3.2.5 震动及光强产生的误差 ................................................................................ 32
第四章 内科大校园闭合水准路线精度分析 ........................................................................ 34 第五章 结论与建议 ................................................................................................................ 38
5.1 结论 ........................................................................................................................... 38 5.2 建议 ........................................................................................................................... 38 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 40 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 41 附录 .......................................................................................................................................... 43
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