合词义表达了呜咽哀叹的情调，余音缭绕，生动形象。 （2）用于散文
在散文里偶尔运用头韵可起到醒目、突出的作用。
Nest to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
对于好动的美国人来说，幸福不仅取决于健康、爱情、舒适和温暖的家庭，还取决于汽车。 The world believes in the wonder worker, not in the words of wisdom. (Richard Jefferson)
世界信任的是创造奇迹的劳动者，而不是智慧的话
★The flakes were falling tick and hard now, pouring past the window, a waterfall of mystery.
现在雪下得又大又密，好似神秘的瀑布在外飘泼。 （3）用于谚语或习语
Alliteration的运用不仅可增强谚语、习语的语义，还能加深读者的印象，使其过目不忘。例如：
★Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 A fair face may hide a foul heart. 笑里藏刀。
Dumb dogs are dangerous. 哑巴狗最危险。
Willful waste makes woeful want. 肆意挥霍，家徒四壁。 Tit for tat 针锋相对 With might and main 尽全力 Neither fish, flesh, nor fowl 不伦不类 Safe and sound 安然无恙 （4）用于各类广告
在广告中运用Alliteration，可使之悦目悦耳，增强宣传效果，吸引读者的注意力。 ★Vitamins for vim and vigor 摄取活力和精力的各种维生素 ★Cut costs without cutting corners 减少花费而不必节省
*上例为汽车广告，cut corners一语双关：抄近路；以经济的方式做事，指汽车是不可省掉的消费，有了它就不必步行抄近路。
★Sea, sun, sand, seclusion——and Spain 海滨，阳光，沙滩，幽静——更有西班牙风情
*此例为一则旅馆广告。
★Sensotously smooth. Mysteriously mellow. Gloriously golden. Who can resist the magic of Camus XO Cognac?
诱发美感的柔和，神秘的芳醇，荣耀的金色，有谁能抗拒Camus XO康涅克白兰地的魔力？ *此为推销Camus XO康涅克白兰地酒的广告。 （5）用于书名或报刊文章标题
★Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》 ★Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》 ★The Winds of War 《战争风云》
★Pei?s Pyramids Puzzle Paris 贝氏的金字塔使巴黎困惑 *这是美国《时代》周刊上一篇报道文章的标题，“贝氏”指著名建筑师、美籍华人贝聿铭。文章说由他设计建于罗浮宫内的金字塔模型令巴黎公众感到困惑难解。 ★Jazzy in Jeams, Sassy in Sweater
穿上牛仔裤，活泼利索；套上毛线衫，潇洒俊俏。
*这是《生活》杂志评述英国王妃戴安娜服饰风格的文章标题。
★Alliteration还常用于英语绕口令，在游戏和语音练习中具有一定的实用意义。
例如：A. big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood等。
B Peter piper picked a pack of pickled pepper
三.Assonance（谐音）（押元音的韵）
The use of the same,or related,vowel sounds in successive words a) a deep green streem
b) The rain in Spain fall on the plain c) I arise from dream of thee
In the first sweet sleep of night
四．Paronomasia（双关）
Pun: (双关语)
?It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here \has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
?A play on words based on similarity of sound and sharp difference in meaning For example
Seven days without water make one weak=(week)
Paronomasia（双关）俗称 Pun。该辞格巧妙利用英语许多词谐音、多义的特点，在同一句话里同时表达两层不同意义，以造成语言活泼、幽默或嘲讽的修辞效果。
paronomasia（双关）在英语中出现很早，是一种有趣的文字游戏，广泛应用于各种文学作品，或插科打诨，或借题发挥，或旁敲侧击，使语言表达妙趣横生。
paronomasia（双关）的构成需要两个基本条件，即双重情境(double context)和多义词或同音异义词。其构成方式主要有三种： （1）同音异义词构成的双关
You earn your living and you urn your dead. 人们谋求生计，火化死者。
*Earn与urn同音异义，用在一起显得俏皮，别有趣味。 （2）多义词构成的双关
To England will I steal, and there I?ll steal. (William Shakespeare: Henry V) 我要偷偷溜回英格兰，上那儿偷去。
*动词steal 重复使用，前者为“潜行”之义，后者为“偷窃”之义，构成双关，表达幽默。 （3）同形同音异义词构成的双关
大使是为了本国利益而在国外撒谎（或居住）的诚实人。
*除说谎外，兼有“居住”、“驻扎”，之义，一语双关，十分风趣。
英语paronomasia（双关）运用颇广，除文学作品外，还常见于笑话、谜语等，另在商品广告里也时有运用。如：
We must all hang together, or we shall all hang separately. 如果我们不团结在一起，我们将一个个被绞死。
*本句运用双关语，深刻而又幽默地说明了不团结便要灭亡的道理。 On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you. 星期日他们为你祈祷，星期一他们则对你掠夺。
*该句巧借与谐音构成双关，辛辣地嘲讽了西方一些人貌似虔诚教徒，实则敲诈他人，灵魂丑恶。
Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left. 女性对善恶具有惊人的感觉，但对左右则感觉甚微。 *该句借双关语讽刺女性方向感差，开车不分左右。
A policeman said to a criminal, “You reckon your Dodge would help you up to all these dodges again” .
警察质问罪犯：“你以为你的?道奇?车又能帮你逃之夭夭吗？”
*Dodge为?道奇?牌汽车，恰与动词 dodge（躲避）构成双关。这是英语专有名词构成双关的用例。
Bridge is a game of cards which a good deal depends a good deal. 桥牌，是大部分要看发牌（的好坏）而定的纸牌游戏。
*句中重复使用a good deal，前者意为“大部分”，后者意为“好牌”，构成双关，相映成趣。 “We would like very much to have you for dinner,” as the cannibal said to the captured missionary.
嗜食人肉的生番对俘虏的传教士说：“我们想设宴招待你（吃掉你）。”
* to have you for dinner是个有歧义的结构，也构成双关，既可理解为to invite you to dinner，又可理解为to eat you for dinner。
Some persons can be everywhere at home; others can sit musingly at home and can be everywhere.
有些人可以四海为家而无拘无束，也有些人可以静坐家中而神游四海。 When a woman dresses to kill, the victim?s apt to be time. 当女人着装打扮自己去迷人时，被牺牲的往往是时间。
*该句双关别致、有趣。从句中的kill作不及物动词是理解为“使着迷”（相当于 charm），而作及物动词则理解为“消磨（时光）”，恰与主句中的time相呼应。 Try our sweet corn, and you?ll smile from ear to ear. 尝尝我们的甜玉米，包你乐得合不拢嘴。
*此为商品广告，from ear to ear一语双关，即表示因满意而乐得合不拢嘴，又表示因喜欢而吃了一穗一穗。
Tick, Tock, Tick…Talk
滴答，滴答，滴答……说吧。
*该文章标题见于美国《时代》周刊。美国总统克林顿曾因Lesinsky绯闻案而声名狼藉，险些失去总统宝座。该标题模仿时钟响声，给人一种紧迫感和期待感。最后一词由 tock改为 talk，妙不可言，表明美国人期待总统快说实话。
四、Hypallage（移位修饰） ransferred Epithet（转类形容词） Transferred epithet is an adjective modifying a noun which it does not normally modify, but which makes figurative sense:
Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which
it does not really apply or belong.
For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project
At length I heard a ragged noise and mirth of thieves and murderers . --George Herbert Blind mouths! that scarce themselves know how to hold / A sheep hook . . . . --John Milton ? In an age of pressurized happiness, we sometimes grow insensitive to subtle joys.
?
The striking and unusual quality of the transferred epithet calls attention to it, and it can therefore be used to introduce emphatically an idea you plan to develop. The phrase will stay with the reader, so there is no need to repeat it, for that would make it too obviously rhetorical and even a little annoying. Thus, if you introduce the phrase, \electricity,\your subsequent development ought to return to more mundane synonyms, such as \voltage,\\and so forth. It may be best to save your transferred epithet for a space near the conclusion of the discussion where it will be not only clearer (as a synonym for previously stated and clearly understandable terms) but more effective, as a kind of final, quintessential, and yet novel conceptualization of the issue. The reader will love it.
When you compare a noun to a noun, the simile is usually introduced by like:
I see men, but they look like trees, walking. --Mark 8:24
? After such long exposure to the direct sun, the leaves of the houseplant looked like pieces of
overcooked bacon.
? The soul in the body is like a bird in a cage.
?
When a verb or phrase is compared to a verb or phrase, as is used:
They remained constantly attentive to their goal, as a sunflower always turns and stays focused on the sun.
? Here is your pencil and paper. I want you to compete as the greatest hero would in the race
of his life.
?
Often the simile--the object or circumstances of imaginative identity (called the vehicle, since it carries or conveys a meaning about the word or thing which is likened to it)-precedes the thing likened to it (the tenor). In such cases, so usually shows the comparison:
The grass bends with every wind; so does Harvey.
? The seas are quiet when the winds give o're; / So calm are we when passions are no more.
--Edmund Waller
?
But sometimes the so is understood rather than expressed:
?
As wax melts before the fire,/ may the wicked perish before God. --Psalm 68:2b
Whenever it is not immediately clear to the reader, the point of similarity between the unlike objects must be specified to avoid confusion and vagueness. Rather than say, then, that \is like muck,\and \is like glass,\a writer will show clearly how these very different things are like each other:
And money is like muck, not good except it be spread. --Francis Bacon
? Fortune is like glass--the brighter the glitter, the more easily broken. --Publilius Syrus
? Like a skunk, he suffered from bad publicity for one noticeable flaw, but bore no one any ill
will.
?
Hypallage（移位修饰）又称作Transferred Epithet（转类形容词）。其修辞方式是将本该用来修饰某类名词的修饰语移用于修饰按常规不能修饰的另一类名词。英语Hypallage的用法看似有违常理，不合逻辑，实则语言凝练、形式新颖、生动形象、新鲜活泼。 从结构上看，可用于移位修饰的词语或结构主要有以下六种： （1）描绘性形容词移位修饰名词 I spoke to them in hesitant French. 我结结巴巴地用法语对他们说。 （2）复合形容词移位修饰名词
People listened with open-moused astonishment while the shocking new sank in. 当这个令人震惊的消息传来时，人们听了都惊得目瞪口呆。 （3）形容词性名词移位修饰名词
The United States has now set up a loneliness industry.
美国现在已创建了一种为孤独的老年人服务的社会服务项目。 （4）现在分词移位修饰名词
They prolonged the clasp for the photographers, exchanging smiling words. 他们握手时边笑边谈，以此延长握手时间，好让摄影师拍照。 （5）过去分词移位修饰名词
An awed hush fell upon the bystanders. 在场的人都惊奇得目瞪口呆。 （6）of结构用于移位修饰 The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》
*此系美国作家斯坦贝克（J. Steinbeck）所著小说名，wrath本该用于形容那些历尽艰辛、受骗上当去西部当采摘工的移民，作者却移用来修饰他们所采摘的葡萄。移民们的命运何等悲惨，连葡萄都愤怒了！
就修饰语同被修饰语的关系看，Hypallage的运用大致可归纳为以下几种： （1）说明人的修饰语移用于说明具体事物或抽象概念 He crashed down on a protesting chair.
他一屁股坐了下来，椅子吱呀作响，好象是在抗议似的。 *说明人的行为的Protesting移用于修饰具体事物chair。
He behaved with guilty caution and rather enjoyed stealing a march on Doctor Ed.
他的一举一动小心谨慎，心中虽然有些内疚，但为能偷偷地抢在埃德大夫之前颇为得意。 * 形容人的心态的Guilty移用于抽象概念caution。 （2）说明动物的修饰语移用于说明事物