当x?0时,f??x??2x,当x?0时,f??x???1,??0??limf??x??lim?2x??0,f???0??limf??x??lim??1???1,故f??0?不存在.而f?x?0?
x?0?x?0?x?0?7.√
8.?提示:令f?x??0,g?x???1??0当x?0,当x?0.当x?0,?1g?x???当x?0.?01a2
当x?0,当x?0.9.?提示:考虑函数f?0?x????110.√ 提示:所考虑的切线是g?x???得x=a.
?x?a??1a的图象,令f(x)=g(x)只解
11.√ 提示:从导数的定义出发证明. 12.× 提示:事实上,由函数定义得
g??x??limg?x?h??g?x?hh?0?limf?cx?ch??f?cx?hh?0?limc?f?cx?ch??f?cx??chh?0.设ch?k,当h?0时k?0.?g??x??clim
?climf?cx?k??f?cx?kk?0?f?cx?k??f?cx??kk?0?cf??cx?.13.√ 提示:利用导数定义证明. 14.× 提示:考虑函数f?x??15.√ 16.×
17.× 提示:根据导数定义lim数不相等.
18.× 提示:limf?x??limxarctanx?0x?0x,x??0,1?,当x=0时f(x)=0,而f??x???.
f?x??f?0?x?01xx?0?lim|sinx|x知,在x=0处左导数与右导
x?0?0?f?0?,所以f(x)在x=0处连续,但
x?0lim?f?x??f??0?x?lim?arctanx?01x???2.
f?x??f?0?x同理limx?0f?x??f?0??x??2,所以lim不存在,即f(x)在x=0处不可导.
??x?019.√ 提示:利用复合函数求导公式及?secx??secx?tanx,?tanx??sec2x. 20.√ 提示:①原式两边取常用对数得lny=x[lnx-ln(1+x)],②两边对x求导,
11?x1?1?y???lnx?ln?1?x???x???. ??lnyx1?x1?x1?x??21.√
22.√ 提示:
y???1x?asinlnx?bcoslnx?,y???1x2?asinlnx?bcoslnx?acoslnx?bsinlnx?.
23.× 提示:满足的关系式应为xy???12y??14y?0.
24.× 提示:x?25.√
dydy????1???1??4sint.所以在t?处??2. ??,y???,又dx6dx?6?2?6?226.× 提示:考虑函数f?x??1x2,当a≠0时,f在点?a,??1??的切线与f的图象相交2a?于另一点,这一点位于y轴的另一边.
27.× 提示:当a是整数时,f间断,f?无定义.当n
f??a??limf?a??x??f?a??x?x?0?lim?a??x???a??x??a??a??xh?0?x?0?1.
f?h?h28.√ 提示:|f?h?/h|?|h|??2,因α-2<0,故lim|h|??2??,因而lim29.√ 提示:这是
00不存在.
h?0型,若用洛必达法则求极限计算非常繁琐,现在借用泰勒公式展
335????x25xx662x??x?oxx???ox?????x31535????开求极限lim2?limx?0tanx?arctanx?xx62????x?06?limx?0x6
9x?oxx6??6?29.
30.× 提示:左右导数存在且相等.
31.√
32.√ 提示:a,b,c,d必须满足下列关系式a-d=0,b+c=0,a=1,b=0.
dydxy?tx?t??11?t2?t?1??.
11?t21?t33.× 提示:?34.×
35.√ 提示:f??x??f???x????f?n??x??ex,f?n?1???x??e?x
36.√ 提示:根据函数单调性的判定方法.
37.√ 提示:在(-∞,0]上单调减少,而(0,+∞)上单调增加. 38.√
39.√ 提示:利用函数的单调性证明不等式.设f?x??2x??3??f??x??1x1x2?1??,则x???1x2?xx?1,f(x)在[1,+∞]上连续,在(1,+∞)内f??x??0,因此
?[1,+∞)上单调增加,从而当x>1时,f(x)>f(1),由于f(1)=0,故f(x)>f(1)
=0,即2x?3?1x?x?1?.
40.× 提示: f(x)在(-∞,2)和(2,+∞)内设有极值点,但在(-∞,2)内,f??x??0,函数f(x)单调增加,在(2,+∞)内函数单调减少,又f(x)在点x=2连续,故x=2是函数f(x)的极大点.
41.× 提示:由f??x??0得两个驻点x1??2,x2?1,再比较f(-2),f(1),f(-3),f(4)的大小,即可得最大值f(4)=142,最小值f(1)=7.
42.√ 43.√
44.× 提示:在x=0处取得极小值.
45.√ 提示:有两种方法证明:证法一,由题设知f(x)在[a,c],[c,b]上满足拉格朗日中值定理条件,则有
f?c??f?a?c?a?f???1?,?1??a,c?.
f?b??f?c?b?c因?f???2?.?2?[c,b].
为f(a)=f(b)=0,f(c)>0.所以f???1??0,f???2??0.又因为f??x?在??1,?2???a,b?上满足拉格朗日中值定理条件,于是有
f???2??f???1??2??1?f?????,????1,?2?,由于
f???1??0,f???2??0,?1??2,所以f??????0,???a,b?.证法二,因为f(x)在(a,b)
内只有二阶导数,对(fx)在x0?c点用台劳展开式:f?x??f?c??f??c??x?c??当f??c??0时,在上式中取x?a,即得f?a??f?c??f??c??a?c??1212f??????x?c?22f????1??a?c?,?1??a,c?,
又因为f(a)=0,f(c)>0,a f?b??f?c??f??c??b?c??12f????2??b?c?,?2??c,b?,因为f(b)=0,f(c)>0,b>c,f??c??02有f????2??0.综上述,f??????0,???a,b?. 二、填空题 1.3 2.充分条件 必要条件 3.mn xcos21x?0?0,并取得u=g(x),则有 4.0 提示:g??0??lim从而得到 ddxf?g?x??ddxx?0xf?g?x???f??u?g??x?, x?0??f??u??g??x??x?0?f??0?g??0??0. d?d?5.?33 6.-1 提示:-h是自变量的增量. 7.?? 8.0 提示:f??0??lim3f?x??f?0?x?0x?0??limf??x??f?0??x?011.x?0??f??0?. 3179.?3?x?y??1????0??26??10.y?2?x?1?2515,12.secx ?22t?1,??1?t213.???2t2?1.2??1?t14.?1y315.3?216.?xy,?2y3 17.1 提示: limf?x0?2x??f?x0?x?x10x?0?lim?f?x0?2x??f?x0????f?x0?x??f?x0??xx?0 ??2f??x0??f??x0?.18.10?2提示:??2?tanx?10?210?2?sinx?10?210? 原式?lim???x?0sinx?sinx???lim?2?10tanx?10?210x?0tanx?lim10?2?sinx?10?sinx?10?2.10?210x?0 ??2?x????x?0??2?x????x?019.3x-y-7=0 20. 1e 提示:曲线在(1,1)处的切线斜率k?f??1??n,故切线方程为y-1=n(x 1?1??1?,所以limf??n??lim?1???. n??n??n?en?-1),令y=0,得与x轴的交点?n1ndy3t?2t21.提示:???1?t??3t?2?,1tdx1?1?t ?2?6t?5??t?1?dyd?dy???1?t??3t?2?????.??2?dx?dx?tdx?t?ln?1?t???6t?5??t?1?2??1?n?2?n!2??fx?22.提示: 1?x?1?x?n?1f????x???2?3!?1?x?,?? ?4?1,所以f??x???2?1?x??2,f???x??2?2?1?x??3, 23.-2 提示:limf?1??f?1?x?2x?12limx?0f?1?x??f?1??x?12x?0f??1?,所以f??1???2. 24.-2 提示:因为f(x)在(-∞,+∞)内可导,且周期为4,所以f(5)=f(4+1)=f(1),即求曲线在(5,f(5))处的切线斜率等于曲线在(1,f(1))处的切线 斜率. ??1131????2?25.??,y,? 提示:y?1?2?234?1?x????1?x??2?4x223?1?x???,令y???0得拐点??的横坐标x???31?,?. ,故拐点为???34?3??32?22???26.?,?22???提示:y???4e?x2?21?. ?x???0得|x|?22???6?2k?,5?6?2k?,当 27. ??6?3,2???1? 提示:y??1?2sinx,得f(x)的驻点为 在区间?0,?内考虑时,仅有一个驻点,f????6?6?6?2?(x)在?0,?上的最大值为?26?????????????????3,f?0??2,f???,比较后得知,f ?2?23,而当考虑区间[0,2π]上的最大值时,需比较f(0), f(2π),f?????5???,f??四个值的大小. 66????f?x??f?0?x?0?lim?x?1??x?2????x?1000x?028.1000! 提示:f??0??limx?0??1000!. 29.1986 提示:只要注意f??1??limf?x??f?1?x?1x?1?lim?x331?1?g?x??0x?1?x?1?lim x?1?x330?x329???x?1?limg?x??331?6?1986. x?1?30.0 31.(-1,0),(0,+∞) 32.y=1,x=±1