中国矿业大学徐海学院毕业论文
experiences the estrangement from origin, the long-lost world glimpsed only through the endless vista of recollection. This duality explains his poetic voice as at once charged with feeling, and impalpably detached and veiled. Often in his poems, in spite of a sense of release from this world, there is a lingering feeling toward it, for all the suffering of desire that is the inevitable lot of this life. However, this nostalgia is veiled already by the water of Lethe, so that it becomes as hazy as a flower imaged in a mirror, the moon reflected in the water.
\is about three years ago\Gu Cheng answered in his speech, \waiting for the voice of Death\to the audience's question of the difference between his actual self and lyrical self in his poems, \Every time I dream, I dream of having returned to Beijing, standing in the street, not knowing where to go. But I'm not anxious either, because I'm already dead.., it is as if looking from a place to the outside. Only looking. Nothing more.\
The split, veiled voice in Gu Cheng's later poeU7 may find a correspondence in The Dream of the Red Chamber. a classical Chinese novel much cherished by Gu Cheng. His comment on it unintentionally reveals the affinity of double perspectives between his poems and this classical novel--\former incarnations.' Jia Baoyu, the central hero in The Dream of the Red Chamber. Shortly, before he went into monastery, had already seen through the illusory nature of life earth through his dream experience of the Realm of the Great Void. The strange apathy he fell into underscores his inner division between the enlightened self belonging to the other world and his self still trapped in this world.
The projection into the future perfect tense of a posthumous consciousness contemplating the living self might have its far echo in the classical poet, Li Ro. It is the prevailing tense in A Eulogy World. Let's look at his other two poems--\Burial Bed\
Accident
Over the roof there is again snow, Over the snow again coal.
The sky above at one thousand seven hundred meters height
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中国矿业大学徐海学院毕业论文
Begins again to glisten The lyre says, Youth is a lyre, Do not strum it, Only touch it.
The sky at one thousand seven hundred meters' height, Suddenly slaps, (Translation mine)
As often happens with Gu Cheng's later poems, a careful reader might be struck by the uncanny position of the speaker: from where does he speak? The scene is exclusively that of the roof and the sky, The height of the sky is given an uncanny precision among the ellipsis of all other details. The poem itself is suspended in the air, with its unaccountable repetition o f \
The symbolic image of the snapped sizing of a musical instrument has multiple allusions. One allusion is to a fable in Chuang Tzu: Zhao Wen is a famous \guchin \muster. But one day he stopped playing his musical instrument, for he realizes, to play one sound is to lose all the other sounds. Only in silence, can all the sounds be complete. Another allusion might be one quoted by the classical poet, Li Shang-yin, in his Chin-se: According to the legend, the chin-se ordinarily has fifty swings. An emperor of the Chou Dynasty, unable to bear the too poignant music played by one of his favorites, ordered that the number of the strings be reduced by haft.
It might also contain an allusion to Gu Cheng's favorite classical Chinese novel, The Dream of the Red Chamber: once, Dai Yu, a girl who cherishes a deep, but unspoken love for Pao Yu, was overheard playing the Zheng by Miao Yu and Pao Yu. The music went higher and higher with the girl's panted-up emotion. Miao Yu comments, \cannot last long.\Soon after the string really snaps. Miao Yu retreats in a hurry, foreseeing for an instant Dai Yu's unrequited love and later death.
中文译文
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中国矿业大学徐海学院毕业论文
解读中国诗歌中的自然哲学
第三章:畸丽之花:顾城诗作
在中国的当代诗人里,顾城也许是能最能把中国的自然哲学和古典诗歌的精髓抓住并进行创新的一位诗人,为此他做出了孜孜不倦的创造并承受了疏离于现代社会以及生活在透明的单元世界的痛苦。在谈到对于传统的继承时,顾城曾说,只有透过意象我们才能触摸到事物的本质,只有忘记形体我们才能达到灵魂??那些迷信古诗的节拍和韵律的人认为唐诗倚赖于对仗的结构。这个错误的观念导致了明清两代有一大批诗人却鲜有名气,并影响至今。他们不知道“至上之人不讲求手段,至极之意象不讲求形式”的道理??伟大的灵魂创造出伟大的形体。我认为创新是对传统最好的继承。创新是传统的精髓。它是对传统生命力的最好的证明。传统在我们之中成长,求生,扭曲,并涌生成一层又一层的花朵。
在顾城的晚期作品中,尤其是在他的自传《颂词世界》和那种诗意里的任性的生存方式,出现了分裂的、朦胧的声音,这造成了他的暴力谋杀以及自杀的结局。这也许可以被认为是从传统中生长出来的一朵畸形扭曲的花朵吧。
《颂词世界》从第一首诗开始,就唤醒了中国古典绘画和诗歌中存在的具有明显的统一性的本体世界。
是树木游泳的力量 使鸟保持它的航程 使它想起潮水的声音 鸟在空中说话 它说:中午 它说:树冠的年龄 芳香覆盖我们全身 长长清凉的手臂越过内心 我们在风中游泳 寂静成型 我们看不见最初的日子 最初,只有爱情 ?? 23
中国矿业大学徐海学院毕业论文
在这首诗中,顾城用颠倒和渗透的手法,把一个液态的世界具体化了。在这个世界里,天空和湖水倾注进彼此,并且融合成了一个颠倒的、鲜明的整体:树木游曳在空气中,鸟儿凫在他们的航线上,充满了飘动的树叶的空气使人联想起潮水的声音,鸟儿说着人类的语言而人类则沉迷于魔咒般的寂静。我们有多少次在中国的古典绘画和诗歌里遇到如此的水天一色的唯美的单元世界啊!在唐诗--王勃的诗节里,我们看到“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”。在唐温如的诗里,我们读到“西风吹老洞庭湖,一夜湘君白发多.醉后不知天在水,满船清梦压星河”. 在宋徽宗的写生珍禽图中,湖水、阳光和湿地三者相接,相互为镜,群鸟盘旋,奇特的颠倒的形状创造出了好似鸟儿停滞于飞行状态的视觉的幻象。还有千幅的其他中国古代绘画,云雾缭绕的群山延伸至透明,好像其中有照明的灯饰,使其隐入周围的空气。在我们的经验主义的世界里,这种鲜明的颠倒和渗透的世界的暗示,是由来自生活的另外一方面的感悟得来的,这种感悟来自于一个睿智启发的神明。
《颂词世界》是一本有关中国自然哲学的新奇的书。在顾城的个人象征主义的炼金术里,这种哲学融合了柏拉图的意识世界以及只存在于记忆中的遥远世界。因为在中国自然哲学中存在着客观实在和形而上学,意象和象征间的固有的矛盾的心态,所以这使得西方的二元论移植嫁接到东方的一元论上成为可能。关于这世界的起源和概念的见解散发到了事物的方方面面:固体的,物质的形式,在睿智的眼睛里,会被溶解还原成他们所具有的鲜明的灵性。从根本上说,任何事物都是相互渗透的。顾城的诗读起来吐词轻快但发音清楚,充分利用了中国古诗在句法上模棱两可的特点,而这种特点带来的节略和简化往往使主题变得不可辨识。失去一个确定主语的动作的动词,像漩涡的中心,把所有东西都卷入一个同轴心的运动当中。在顾城的诗里,靠近其中心的事物是鲜活的大自然,而人的存在只是这天籁的边缘成分。和人体一样,即使是树同样也可能散发出芳香。一条长长的美丽的手臂可以是属于一个人的,同样也有可能属于长满树叶的树枝,或者是一条海浪。穿越内心的手臂同样也有可能是风,因为它穿越的是世间的心脏。失去的、最初的爱,也许和古老的神赐的和睦一样,是美不胜收的人们之间的爱。
世界的赞辞是中国自然哲学的一种原始形式,这种形式在顾城的alchemy of private symbolism和柏拉图的理念世界合二为一,而遥远的世界,只有通过恢复记忆。通过中国自然哲学中肉体和形而上学之间及形象和象征之间的内在矛盾,西方的二元论在东方的一元论的基础上形成成为可能。世界的起源和理念可以从任何事物中
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中国矿业大学徐海学院毕业论文
得到体现:在开明人的眼中,具体事物的形式会溶解并恢复其透明的精神本质。一切事物都渗透于彼此。顾城的诗歌在其截断句子,利用古典诗词的句法歧义,这样其诗歌中概括和省略部分往往不易被发现。动词无所指,如涡旋一样把一切卷入其中。在顾城诗中,最贴近中心的事物是拥有勃勃生机的自然,而人的出现却可有可无。香味可能来自树木,人体,树枝抑或海浪。穿越内心深处的臂膀亦可是穿越宇宙的一阵风。失去的,最原始的爱可能是人类的爱,亦可能是那份原始的,神圣的和谐。 为解释这种矛盾,我们来看这组诗歌最关键和微妙的方面。顾城的诗的声音各异,风格简单而透明,分层而含蓄。在佛家看来人死后即短暂地寄居在现实与玄幻两个世界之间,顾城在这些诗里的声音常包含生死两种,时而现实,时而虚幻。这是一个人的在一端的声音走向这个人的另一端。因为他已经在接触现实,所以他现在寄居在佛教永恒之所,一个永久的完美时刻;因为他至今没有在这个世界上,他经历着只有在回忆中才能看到的疏远于原始,长期失落的世界。这种二元论可以解释他的诗的声音为和充满感情却难以感知。在他的诗中,尽管有种脱离世俗的感觉,但是生活中所有不可避免的来自欲望的痛苦却也让另一种感情挥之不去。然而,这种怀旧被遗忘之水所掩盖,因此,像镜中之花水中之月一样模糊不清。 顾城后期的诗歌如同断断续续私有似无的鸟类的语言。忽略文法表明顾城想要触摸已被人类变得暗淡无光的原始世界的决心。 “正午” , “年龄的树的皇冠”等作品充满感性的爱,这一切似乎表明一个在佛教永恒存在的那个圆满时刻。然而,这份永恒却由于长期回忆而产生了不可挽回的损失,而矛盾却由此加重。这种回忆不仅在鸟类语言“回想起潮水的声音”,而且在怀旧的结尾中有所体现。 世界颂歌在此一瞬得到体现却又长期丢失。
“这是三年前” ,顾城在讲话中回答观众关于“真实的自我和玄幻的自我的区别”
这一问题时说, “我在等待死亡的声音” , “我觉得如果我作为一个人已死亡,并成为一个幽灵。每次我做梦,梦想回到北京后,站在街头,不知道该去哪里。但是我不着急,因为我已经死了.. ,这好像是看一个地方到外面,只是看而已。” 在顾城的后期的诗歌当中,含蓄而被剥离的声音在他很欣赏的一部古典小说《红楼梦》中也有所体现。他对于这部小说的的评论无意中透漏了他对他的诗歌与《红楼梦》作品中双重观点的喜爱--- “通过前世来看今世的泪染的生命。”贾宝玉即《红楼梦》主人公如是说。不久,他出家入庙,看破红尘。他所陷入的令人不解的冷漠强调了其自我性格的剥离——属于前世的开明的他和当世的陷入世俗的他。
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