(2)由低压加热器H6的计算:
H6的热平衡: ?6q6??d,5(hw5d?hw6d)??c,6?6
?6??c,6?6??d,5(hdw5?hdw6)q6?0.8166?105.48?0.0348?(504.51?402.71)=0.0337
2449.04H6的疏水系数:?d,6??d,5??6?0.0348?0.0337?0.0685 (3)低压加热器H7的热平衡计算:
dd?c,7?7/?r7??sg2hsg2??d,6(hw?h6w7)?7?
?q70.8166?102.96?0.003?3329.6?0.0685?(402.71?299.3)2398.3?0.0280 H7的疏水系数:?d,7??d,6??7??sg,2?0.0685?0.0280?0.003?0.0995 (4) 低压加热器H8的热平衡计算:
由于进入低压加热器H8的进水焓hsg为未知,故需先计算轴封加热器SG,参考同类机组取疏水加热器工作压力为psg?98kPa,疏水比焓为
hd,sg?266KJ/Kg
由轴封的热平衡得:
d?c?sg??sg,3(hsg,3?hsg)
?sg?0.0014?(2716.2?266)?4.2KJ/Kg
0.8166轴封加热器出水比焓hw,sg
hw,sg?hc??sg?151.5?4.2?155.7KJ/Kg
低压加热器H8的热平衡计算
?8?dd?c,8?8/?r8??d,7(hw7?hw8)q8
16
?0.8166?119.8?0.0995?(299.3?180)=0.0362
2372.89H8的疏水系数?d,8??d,7??8?0.0995?0.0362?0.1357 4、汽轮机凝汽系数?c的计算及检验:
(1)由凝汽器的质量平衡计算?c
?c??c,8??sg??tDT??D,8??mm
=0.8166-0.0014-0.0464-0.1357-0.015=0.6181 (2)由汽轮机汽侧平衡校验?c
?c?1???j???sg??L
=1-0.0302-0.0825-0.0421-0.07-0.0348-0.0337-0.028-0.0362-(0.01+0.003+0.0014)-0.01
=1-0.3575-0.0144-0.01=0.6181
该值与由凝汽器质量平衡计算得到的?c相等,所以凝汽系数计算正确。 3.2.3 汽轮机汽耗D0的计算及流量校核
(1)估算汽轮机纯凝汽运行时的汽耗Dc,0,锅炉热负荷Qb及煤耗量Bcp ?ic?h0?hc?qrh?3402.9?2325.9?(3538.29?3029.5)=1585.79kJ/kg
Dc,0?3600Pe?ic?m?g?3600?300MW?1000?692080.3kg/h
1585.79kJ/kg?0.994?0.99取由于回热而增大的汽耗子系数:??1.26,则汽轮机汽耗:
D0'??Dc,0?1.26?692080.3?872021.2kg/h (3) 汽轮机??ijHij的计算如下表3所示:
17
表3: ??ijHij计算
汽 汽态 缸 线段 高 压 缸 中 压 缸 3-4 1-2 0-1 ?ij Hij kJ/kg ?ijHij kJ/kg 327.57 ?0'?1??0??sg,1 =1-0.01=0.99 H0'?1?h0?h1 =3402.9-3072.02=330.88 ?1?2??0'?1??1=0.99-0.0302 =0.9598 '????1?2??2 rh2?3'H1?2?h1?h2 =3072.02-3029.51=42.51 40.80 2'-3 ?H2'?3?hrh?h3 =3538.29-3320.72=217.57 190.22 =0.9598-0.0825=0.8773 '?rh??rh??sg,2 =0.8773-0.003=0.8743 '?3?4??rh??3 H3?4?h3?h4 =3320.72-3121.64=199.08 165.67 =0.8743-0.0421=0.8322 4'-5 ?4??5??3?4??4??sg,3??L =0.8322-0.07-0.0014-0.01=0.7508 5-6 H4??5?h4?h5 =3121.64-3000.34=121.3 91.07 ?5?6??4??5??5 =0.7508-0.0348=0.716 H5?6?h5?h6 =3000.34-2851.74=148.6 106.40 低 6-7 压 缸 7-8 低 压 缸 整 机 8-c ?6?7??5?6??6 =0.716-0.0337=0.6823 H6?7?h6?h7 =2851.74-2697.62=154.12 105.16 ?7?8??6?7??7 =0.6823-0.028=0.6543 H7?8?h7?h8 =2697.62-2552.9=144.72 94.69 ?8?c??7?8??8 =0.6543-0.0362=0.6181 H8?c?h8?hc =2552.9-2325.9=227 140.31 ??Hijij=1261.89 kJ/kg 由功率平衡式求汽耗D0:
3600Pe3600?300?103D0???869722.4 kg/h
??ijHij?m?g1261.89?0.994?0.99 18
误差:
'D0?D0?D0?D0?100%?869722.4?872021.2?100%?0.26%<0.5%,是允许的。
872021.2汽耗率:
D0869722.4。 ??2.9Kg/(KW.h)
Pe300000 d0?以D0?869722.4kg/h为基准,计算各项汽水流量如下表4所示:
表4: 各项汽水流量
项目 第一级抽汽D1?0.0302D0 第二级抽汽D2?0.0825D0 第三级抽汽D3?0.0421D0 H4汽耗 Dr4?0.0236D0 小汽轮机汽耗DtDT?0.0464D0 第五级抽汽 D5?0.0348D0 第六级抽汽 D6?0.0337D0 kg/h 26265.6 71752.1 36615.3 20525.4 40335.1 30266.3 29309.6 项目 第七级抽汽 D7?0.028D0 第八级抽汽 D8?0.0362D0 凝汽量 Dc?0.6181D0 锅炉蒸发量 Db?D0 给水流量 Dfw?1.005D0 再热蒸汽流量Drh?0.8773D0 补充水量 Dmm?0.015D0 kg/h 24352.2 31484.0 537575.4 869722.4 874071 763007.5 13045.8 3.2.4 热经济性指标计算
(1) 汽轮机组热耗Q0、汽轮机比热耗q0,汽轮机绝对内效率?i
mm Q0?D0(h0?hfw)?Drhqrh?Dmm(hfw?hw)
=869722.4*(3402.9-1096.15)
+763007.5*(3538.29-3029.5)-13045.8*(1096.15-167.44) =2382326967KJ/h=2382GJ/h
q0?h0?hfw??rhqrh??mm(hfw?hmm)
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=3402.9-1096.15+0.8773*(3538.29-3029.5)-0.015*(1096.15-167.44)=2739.2KJ/Kg
?i?wi1261.89??0.46067 q02739.2(2)汽动给水泵功率:
PeDT(fp)?DfwVfw(Pfp?Pd)3600??fP?874071?1.1?(21.2?0.89)?6381.6kw
3600?0.85e(3)汽轮机产电功率Q0、热耗率qe、热效率?ee、汽轮发电机组绝对电效率?e
eQ0?Q0?2382.32GJ/h
eQ02382.32?106q???7775.66kJ/(kW?h) DT3Pe?Pe(fp)300?10?6381.6e?ee?36003600??0.46298 qe7775.663600Pe3600?300?103?e???0.45333
Q02382.32?106(4)锅炉热负荷Qb
Qb?Dbhb?Dfwhfw?Drhqrh(b)
=869722.4*3411.17-874071*1096.15+763007.5*(3548.9-3018.5) =2413.357GJ/h
(5)管道效率?p
Q02382.32??98.71% Qb2413.36?p? 20