解析: 本题考点属于主语从句中虚拟语气的用法。（详见【语法点拨】Ⅰ，⑵，2）
㈡ 情态动词+have done结构中的虚拟及情态动词辨析 （共7题）
1) The doctor said I ____ go back to the hospital; my leg is all right now. (00,06)
A) mustn?t B) needn’t C) won?t D) can?t 解析：本题测试的是情态动词的用法。B) need表示“必要，需要”，作情态动词时need不随主语人称和数
的变化，后接不带to的不定式。 A) mustn?t 表示“不准”或“不允许”，与题意不符；C) won?t 表示将来不，与本题无关； D) can?t表示不能，与题目无关。故选B项正确。 2) Look, the trees are fallen. There _____ a strong wind. (00,06)
A) must be B) should have been C) must have been D) could be
解析：本题考查情态动词+have done结构中虚拟。句子的意思是对过去事实非常肯定的推测判断，故选C 3) Mary has got a full mark in the test. She _____very hard all these days. (01,06)
A) will work B) may work C) must have worked D) could have worked
解析：本题考查情态动词+have done结构中虚拟。从句子内涵看是对过去事实非常肯定的推测判断，故选
C。
4) We didn?t finish the work in time. You _____us since you were there. (01,12)
A) might help B) should help C) must have helped D) could have helped 解析：本题考查情态动词+have done结构中虚拟：can/could have done表示对过去有能力做却没能做的事情
的一种委婉的责备，故选D.
5）His mother told me that he ____________ read quite well at the age of five. (02,06)
A) should B) would C) could D) might
解析：本题考查情态动词的使用与选择。本题由句意决定选C最合适。
6) This ATM has been out of service for a few days. It should ______ last week. (04,06) A) fix B) be fixed C) have fixed D) have been fixed 解析：本题考查should have done结构，表示对过去应该做却没有做的事情的责备，因本题后一分句的内
涵为被动，故选D.
7）Tom the party as no one saw him there yesterday evening. (06,12)
A) can?t attend B) mustn?t attend
C) won?t have attended D) couldn’t have attended 解析：本题考查的是“情态动词 + 现在完成时态”的用法。该结构表示对过去事情的推测。本题属于虚拟句。故本题的答案选D。
㈢ 条件句中的虚拟及其特殊形式 (部分倒装和部分虚拟)
（共6题）
【语法点拨】Ⅲ
⑴ 在状语从句中
1．在假设条件句的if条件从句中
假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构：
① 与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。
句型结构：If +主语+were / 过去式…，主语+would+动词原形…。
② 与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。
句型结构：If +主语+过去完成式…，主语+would+完成体（have+过去分词）…。
③ 表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／
should+动词原形”。
句型结构：⑴If +主语+ were / 过去式+表示将来的时间状语，主语+would+动词原形。
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句型结构：⑵If +主语+should+动词原形…，主语+would+动词原形。
句型结构：⑶If +主语+ were+不定式+表示将来的时间状语，主语+would+动词原形。
注：在if从句中，如果谓语动词含有“were, should, had??时，可省去if而将“were, should, had??置于句首，构成倒装句。例如：
If I were to meet him tomorrow, … → Were I to meet him tomorrow, … If he should fail in the experiment …→ Should he fail in the experiment … If you had come a few minutes …→…Had you come a few minutes … 2．错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： 指过去If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 指现在 指过去If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.指现在 ⑵ 在定语从句中
在句型“It is (high) time + (that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) I could have called you yesterday, but I _____ your telephone number. (01,06) A) didn’t have B) won?t have C) hadn?t had D) would have
解析: 本题考查条件句虚拟,但用了部分虚拟的形式(主句虚拟,从句为事实,故选A.。 2)I think it is high time we ______ strict measures to stop pollution. (02,12) A) will take B) take C) took C) have taken
解析：本题考查特殊定语从句中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词要求用一般过去式，故选C. 3)_____ last Friday, he would have got to Paris. (03,06)
A) Would he leave B) Had he left C) If he is to leave D) If he was leaving 解析：本题考查虚拟条件句对过去事实的假设，且省略if，用了部分倒装的语序。 4) We could not have fulfilled the task in time if it _____ for their help. (04,06) A) was not B) is not C) had not been D) has not been 解析：本题考查虚拟条件句对过去事实的假设，故选C.
5) _____he was seriously ill, I wouldn?t have told him the truth. (05,01)
A) If I knew B) If I know C) Had I Known D) Did I Know
解析：本题考查虚拟条件句对过去事实的假设，且省略if，用了部分倒装的语序。（3, 4, 5题详见【语法点拨】Ⅱ，⑴）
6) Tom might not have made such a serious mistake if he ____ your advice. (10,12) A) followed B) follows C) had followed D) has followed 解析：本题考查虚拟语气句的认知和运用。在虚拟语气句条件句的组合中，如果主句是would，could，should
或might+完成式，那么if从句就要用过去完成时态，来表达与过去事实相反的假设。
六、 分词做状语
（共17题，比例7.7 %）
【语法点拨】Ⅳ
1. 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。
在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分（分词和分词短语作状语等于状语从句的省略式）。需特别注意的是，对每一题应充分理解词与词之间的关系，是主动还是被动）例如：
① Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。（本句Seeing the teacher…为主句主语the students的行为，呈主动关系，要用现在分词seeing）
② Heated, ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。(条件、时间)
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（本句heat与ice之间呈被动关系，要用过去分词heated）
③I stood there,listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。(stand 与listen同时发生，listen是伴随动作，该用现在分词listening) 2. 分词作状语时前面可用连词。 when, while, once, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句，若其从句主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。例如： ① When (being) free, I?ll fetch you. 有空时，我会来接你。
② While walking along the street early in the morning, he saw her. 一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。 3. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。例如： ① The rain having stopped, the soldiers continued their match. 雨停后，战士们又继续行军了。 ② The Spring Festival being over, the students must return to school. 春节过后，学生们要返校了。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) ____ with his report, the boss told John to write it all over again. (00,12)
A) Not being satisfied B) Not having satisfied C) Not to satisfy D) Not satisfying. 解析：本题考查分词做状语，表示原因，同1)。另，注意分词否定式的正确表达。
2)_____more time, the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to this problem. (00,12)
A) To give B) Giving C) Given D) Be given
解析：本题考查分词做状语，表示条件。因句子主语和分词动作之间是被动关系，故选C. 3) The May Day Holiday _____over, we must now get down to work. (01,12) A) be B) being C) to have been D) to be
解析：本题考查分词独立结构做状语，分词逻辑主语和句子主语不一致。 4) If _____ in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week. (02,12) A) keeping B) be kept C) kept D) to keep
解析：本题考查分词做状语：水果是被保留在冰箱里面的，故用过去分词。 5) _______, we went swimming in the river. (03,12)
A) The day being very hot B) It was a very hot day C) The day was very hot D) Being a very hot day
解析：本题考查分词独立结构做状语，表示原因，分词短语结构
6) I stayed up all night ______ to find a new solution to the problem. (04,06) A) trying B) have tried C) try D) tried 解析：本题考查分词做状语，表伴随。
7) ______ with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people?s living standard. (04,06)
A) Compare B) To compare C) Compared D) Comparing
解析：本题考查分词做状语，从内涵看，非洲国家是被动地与发达国家相比，故用过去分词。
8) _________ traveling expenses rising a lot, Mrs. White had to change all her plans for the tour. （05,01） A) Since B) As for C) By D) With 解析：根据句子结构分析本题考查独立主格结构，此处应当填入一个介词构成的介词短语，表示伴随动作，只有介词with “随着”可以引导。
9) _____how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help. (05,06) A) Not know B) Not Known C) Not to Know D) Not knowing 解析：本题考查分词做状语，表原因。
10) ____tired of Tom?s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.(05,12) A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 解析：本题考查分词做状语，表原因。
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11) _____that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.(06,06)
A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear
解析：本题考查分词做状语，因分词动作在主句谓语动词动作之前，且主句谓语动词为过去时，故分词用
完成式。
12） to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in this city. (06,12) A) Failed B) Being failed C) To fail D) Having failed 解析：本题考点是分词的用法。having failed是现在分词短语的完成时态，在这里作原因状语，符合题意。 13） The proposal , we?ll have to make another decision about when to start the project. (06,12)
A) accepted B) accepting C) to accept D) be accepted
解析：本题考点是独立主格结构。accept 和它的逻辑主语the proposal是被动关系，所以过去分词accepted
符合题意。
14) _______ up at the clock on the wall, the secretary found it was already midnight. (07,12) A) Looking B) Look C) To look D) Looked
解析：本题考查分词短语作伴随状语的掌握。句中look up与find这两个动作是同时发生的，且主语都是
同一个人the secretary，为主动关系，故用look的现在分词形式，所以选答案A）。 15) that I wasn't going to get much chance for promotion， I soon became bored with my work. (08,06)
A) To realize B) Realizing C) Being realized D) Having realized 解析：本题考查对分词作状语用法的掌握。分词短语作状语，多放在句首，分词的逻辑主语一定就是句子的主语时才能用省略式。本句主从句明显有先后之分，故D)为正确答案。 16) _____ by the failure of the project, the manager could hardly say a word. (09,06) A) To be shocked B) Shocked C) Be shocked D) Shocking
解析：前句的动作与后句主语之间构成被动形式，此时应用过去分词。另A) To be shocked,虽然表被动，但不定式含有将来的意味。本句明显没有先后之分，故B)为正确答案。
17) ________ in the company for three years, Mark has become experienced in business negotiations. (09,12)
A) Having worked B) Have been working C) Have worked D) Worked
解析：本题考查状语从句的省略式: 本题与12 题雷同。从句中的动作也是Mark所为，故要采用分词的主
动形态 —— ing形式。
七、 倒装 （共16题，比例7.2%）
【语法点拨】Ⅴ
英语的倒装句分全部倒装和部分倒装两种。（要注意句首的某些特定词汇会引起倒装）
1．在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly?.when, no sooner?.than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。 例如：
① Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
② Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。
③ No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。
2．在以\状语\开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。例如： ① Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。 ② Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
注意： 1. only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。
例如：Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。（can you leave为主句） 2. only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。
例如：The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。 Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room. 只许资深的职员使用这个房间。
3．有时为了渲染特殊的语境而将作状语的方位介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末从而形成倒装，这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词： go, come, lie, stand, walk, fly且为全部倒装的形式。
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例如： Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。 Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。 Down came the rain. 下起大雨来了。
以there，here开头的句子需倒装。There comes the bus. 公交车来了。 注意：名词做主语应实行全部倒装而代词做主语应实行部分倒装。 如：Here he comes. Away they went.
4．结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首时引起倒装句。
例如：① So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快， 以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首， 主句呈现部分倒装的形式)
② To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度， 以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首， 主句呈现部分倒装的形式) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1) Not until all fish died in the river ______how serious the pollution was. (00,06) A) did the government realize B) the government realized C) the government did realize D) had the government realized
解析：本题考查倒装结构，在A 和D 之间选择，但D 为过去完成时，不符合，故选A. 2) _____ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily. (00,12)
A) No sooner have they B) No sooner had they C) No sooner they have D) No sooner they had
解析：本题考查倒装结构，句型: “No sooner …than”部分为否定词在句首，主谓需倒装，故选B. 3) Since Dick was busy, he rarely had time to go to the cinema; _______. (01,12)
A) Jane did too B) Jane didn?t as well C) So did Jane D) Nor did Jane
解析：本题内涵为 “因为迪克很忙，所以几乎没有时间去看电影。珍妮也是如此。”故选C. 4) Not until quite recently ______ any idea what a guided rocket is like. (02,12) A) did I have B) do I have C) should I have D) would I have 解析：本题考查倒装结构，但应全面考虑时态，故选A.
5) Not for a moment ______ the truth of your explanation about the event. (03,06)
A) we have doubted B) did we doubt C) we had doubted D) doubted we
解析：从 “ Not for a moment …”看出该题考查倒装结构，故选B. 而D) 为全倒装，不符合。 6) So loudly _____ that people could hear it out in the street. (03,12)
A) did the students play the music. B) the students playing the music
C) the students played the music D) have the students played the music
解析： “So loudly…” 位于句首，用部分倒装，在A) 和D) 之间选择，但D) 为现在完成时，不符合。 7) So___after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night. (04,06) A) excited the mother was B) was the mother excited C) the mother was excited D) excited was the mother 解析：本题考查 “ so…that” 结构的部分倒装，故选A.
8) He is used to flying by air and on no occasion _____frightened. (05,12) A) he has ever felt B) he ever feels C) ever does he feel D) has he ever felt 解析：因后一分句用了on no occasion状语打头，要用倒装语序，在C) 和D) 之间选择，但有副词ever
后应该用现在完成时。
9) Not until yesterday ____ anything about the project that will be completed soon. (07,06) A) did I learn B) have I learnt C) I learnt D) that I learnt
解析：本题考查对倒装句的掌握。否定词Not放在句首，主谓要倒装，还要注意时态与时间状语的一致性。 10) Not until the day before yesterday __________ to give a speech at the meeting. (07,12)
A) he agreed B) does he agree C) he agrees D) did he agree 解析：本题考查对倒装句的掌握。否定词Not放在句首，主谓要倒装，此外，还要注意时态与时间状语的
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