列复合句)。
典型错误:
(错误)Please give me a week’s notice if you want me to clean
your windows, because I am very busy this month. (分析)此句仍是complex sentence(复合句),因为because为
从属连接词。在表示原因的连接词中,只有for是并列连接词,用于连接两个具有并列关系的分句。阅卷中发现,相当多的考生没有掌握好连接词for的用法。
6. 考核知识点:考查对parallel structure概念的掌握和运用 例题:
1. Minnie bought a ticket to the play. She went out for dinner. She arrived at the theater by 8:00. (Parallel structure) 答案:
1. Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, and arrived at the theater by 8:00.
解题思路:
(1)明确parallel structure(平行结构)的特点:parallel structure(平行结构)是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表示出来。平行的结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。(2)第1题原有的三个短句中,主语均为Minnie,谓语动词bought、went out、及arrived是意思并列的成分,可以成为平行结构。
典型错误:
(错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, arrived at the theater by
8:00, and went out for dinner.
(分析)Minnie买票、外出吃饭、到达剧院是按照时间顺序先后
发生的,次序不能随意更改。
(错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, then
arrived at the theater by 8:00.
(分析)then不是并列连接词,不能取代and。
II.改写病句(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1. 考查对连接词(joining word)使用错误的识别与修正。
例题:
1. Your sales are up, therefore, your bonus is forthcoming. 答案:
1. Your sales are up; therefore, your bonus is forthcoming. 解题思路:
(1) 连接词(joining word)可分为连词(如:and, but, for, so, because, although, since等)和连接性副词(如:therefore, consequently, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, otherwise, likewise, however, nevertheless等)。连词和连接性副词在用法上有很多相似之处,但也有不同点。(2) 连词和连接性副词在连接两个分句时,前后使用的标点符号不同:连词之前常用逗号(,),之后通常不用标点;而连接性副词之前要求用分号(;)
或句号(.),之后常用逗号(,)。(3)该句最简便的修正方法是将连接性副词therefore前的逗号(,)改为分号(;)。另外也可改为:Your sales are up. Therefore, your bonus is forthcoming. \评分标准\中规定:\与标准答案不一致,但句子结构正确,表意准确,也得满分。否则,酌情给分或不得分。 典型错误:
(错误)If your sales are up, your bonus will be forthcoming (分析)原句中的两个分句之间是因果关系,而不是假设关系。 (错误)Your bonus is forthcoming, therefore, your sales are up. (分析)有些考生识别不出病句结构上的错误,就以为句义有误,
对两个分句的因果关系作了调整。值得注意的是,写作基础试卷改写病句一题中的病句通常错在结构上,而不是语义上。
2.考查对破句(fragmentary sentence)的识别和修正。 例题:
1. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible. 答案:
1. People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible. 解题思路:
(1)了解破句(fragmentary sentence)的特点:把句子的一部分当成了一个句子。英语中一个完整的句子必须包含\主语+谓语\结构,否则就
是破句(fragmentary sentence)。(2)找出病句中结构不完整的句子(即不包含主谓结构的句子):Moving quickly and efficiently. (3)由于用分词结构而引起的破句的修改方法为:将分词结构还原为谓语形式使其独立成句,或者将分词结构与其前面或后面的句子融合在一起。本句最简便的修正方法是将moving前的句号(.)变成逗号(,),使moving quickly and efficiently融入前面的句子,成为表示伴随状况的分词短语。 典型错误:
(错误)People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly
and efficiently, they wanted to make as much money as possible. (分析)这是一个串句 (run-on sentence),误将两个独立分句合写在
一个句子里面而没有适当地分离标识。
(错误)People worked together on the assembly line moving quickly
and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible. (分析)moving的逻辑主语是people,不是assembly line,因此moving
前必须有逗号(,),否则分词短语moving quickly and efficiently就变成了修饰名词assembly line的定语,而不再是谓语动词worked的伴随状况。
3.考查对垂悬修饰语(dangling modifier)的识别和修正。 例题:
1. Watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. 答案:
1. While watching the parade, I had my wallet stolen. / While I was
watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. 解题思路:
(1)了解垂悬修饰语(dangling modifier)的特点:修饰语在句中找不到逻辑上被修饰的对象。分词结构、不定式结构和介词短语做修饰语修饰句子时,易发生垂悬修饰现象。(2)修正时,可调整句子的主语,使之与上述结构或短语的逻辑主语一致;也可将分词结构、不定式结构或介词短语带上自己的逻辑主语,将其扩展成从句。(3)原句中做修饰语的分词结构watching the parade的逻辑主语与句子主语my wallet不一致,所以可将句子主语调整为I,或将句子主语保持不变,使watching the parade带上自己的逻辑主语I。 典型错误:
(错误)While watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.
(分析)分词结构watching the parade前加上连词while或when,不
能改变其垂悬修饰语(dangling modifier)的性质,因为其逻辑主语I未变,而与从句的主语my wallet仍然不一致。 (错误)Watching the parade, I lost my wallet。
(分析)修正病句不应该改变原句的意思。钱包丢失的原因可能是
被盗,但也可能是别的原因,例如由于粗心遗忘在某地等。另外,从这一修改中,可看出相当一部分考生对have sth. done结构不太熟悉。
4. 考查对错误平行结构(faulty parallelism)的识别和修正。