例题：
1. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either because the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.
2. Our new car not only is more user-friendly, but also it is more comfortable than our old one. 答案：
1. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either because the story is unsaleable or because the author is unknown.
2. Our new car is not only more user-friendly but also more comfortable than our old one. 解题思路：
(1) 了解错误平行结构（faulty parallelism）产生的原因：平行结构（parallelism）是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等语法形式表达，如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了其平行结构。(2) either?or, neither?nor, not only?but also, both?and等关联并列连接词（correlative conjunction）用于连接意思并列的成分，所以每个连词后所跟的成分必须有相同的语法形式。 (3) 1题原句中连词either后是because引导的原因状语从句，or后也应补上because。 2题病句最简便的修正方法，是将两个形容词比较级作为平行成分，用not only?but also连接。 典型错误：
（错误）If a publisher rejects a novel, either the story is unsaleable or the
author is unknown.
（分析）从全句来看，这是一个逻辑关系模糊，句法不当的病句。
不过应当肯定的是，平行的结构可以是单词、词组，也可以是从句甚至句子。
（错误）Not only our new car is more user-friendly but also it is more
comfortable than our old one.
（分析）not only?but also可以连接两个平行结构的句子，但not only
后的句子必须倒装，如：Not only is our new car more user-friendly, but also it is more comfortable than our old one. 另外，not only?but also连接两个主语、谓语相同的句子时显得啰嗦和没有必要，故常用来连接两个主语、谓语不同的句子，如：Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also all his students have begun to show an interest in it.
III 标出主题句（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）
1.考查对主题句（topic sentence）特征的掌握以及识别主题句的能力。 例题：
1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of the choice in the blank.
[A] Temperatures in the western hemisphere have stayed the same in the past century.
[B] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being studied by scientists.
[C] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming. [D] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being changed. 答案：
1. [C] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming. 解题思路：
（1）了解主题句（topic sentence）的特征：主题句（topic sentence）是一个段落中最重要的句子，它的作用是概括一个段落的中心意思，所以往往是表示一般概念的句子。范围太大或太小，都会使作者无法展开段落，必须通过某些限制性词语将内容范围限制到一定程度，因此主题句应包括主题和限制性词语。从语义层次分析，主题句是一个概括性的语句（general statement），它必须包涵段落要谈论的主体（subject）和这个主体的某一所谈论的方面（controlling idea），即Topic sentence=Subject + Controlling idea。 （2）比较上题中的四句，看哪一句既有一定的概括性，又能留出一定的展开余地。（3）[C]句符合上述的条件，其中Temperatures in the western hemisphere是subject; are gradually warming是controlling idea, 有待推展和细节支持。（4） 其余三句虽也符合主题句\sentence=Subject + Controlling idea\的特征，但[A]句中have stayed the same in the past century是静态的描述，不利于推展；[B]句中are being studied by scientists意义笼统，缺乏探讨的价值；[D]句中被动语态are being changed的使用使句义不够明晰，令人费解。
2.考查在段落中寻找主题句（topic sentence）的能力。
例题：
1. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. I don’t like algebra this semester, and I’m not too found of history. But I’m enjoying my racquetball （短网拍墙球）class a lot. I’m getting a lot of exercise, and I’m also enjoying the game. We usually play partners and compete in small tournaments within the class. The competition is fun, and playing partners keeps it relaxed. I also have found that I have some ability in racquetball that I haven’t had in other sports. I may sign up for intermediate racquetball next semester. 答案：
1. Topic sentence: I’m enjoying my racquetball class a lot. 解题思路：
（1）段落中的主题句（topic sentence）是全段的统领，它说明段落的中心思想和作者写作的目的。段落的其余句子必须与主题句密切相关，共同阐明、证实主题句。因此，主题句具有概括性，支配段落中其他各句的走句。（2）多数情况下主题句出现在段首，但也可以在段中或段尾。上题段落中的第二句I’m enjoying my racquetball class a lot包含subject(racquetball class)和controlling idea (I’m enjoying it a lot)，下文各句就enjoying一词展开，详细说明喜欢racquetball class的事实和原因。所以敲定该句为主题句。 典型错误：
（错误）Topic sentence: I may sign up for intermediate racquetball next
semester.
（分析）该句适合做结论句（concluding sentence），因为它必须依赖
前文对enjoying my racquetball class的探讨才有效度。
3. 考查根据段落中的支持句（supporting sentences）来推断主题句（topic sentence）的能力。 例题：
1. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Topic sentence:
First, there are always customers to be served. I work in a downtown McDonald’s that gets lots of traffic, and as soon as I serve one customer, there is always another one ready to order. There is constant pressure because I can never step back for a few minutes and relax. Second, I have to put together all of the orders myself. To do that, I have to move all over the serving area: French fries on one side, drinks on the other, and burgers in middle. It’s easy to get sloppy and spill a Coke or throw French fries on the floor. Also, I must always move at a fast pace. McDonald’s has an image to uphold, and its workers must scurry （急赶）about like ants. If I don’t move fast enough, some customers will say, \speed it up,\or \thought McDonald’s had fast service.\one ten-minute break every two hours. However, ten minutes isn’t enough