YY8640 写作 老师王菲
一般现在时表经常发生的动作或者存在的状态。
（2） yesterday, last week , an hour ago , the other day , in 1982, just now，in those days 等
一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
（3） for, since , during , from ,in ,so far , ever , never ,yet ,till / until 等
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有所影响。
（4） now, at present, at this moment, 等 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
（5）next week(month, year) tomorrow, in a week(month , year ) 等 一般将来时
（6）before, by , when ,after, once 等 过去完成时
2 如果从句表示的是客观事实，真理或者一个人（物）的经常性特点或习惯，其时态通常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。
例：The teacher told the children the sun was the center of solar system.
单项改错练习
? My friend didn’t see me for many years when I met him last week.
? She has died ten years ago, but she is still remembered by all who knew her.
? Over the past years, Marco had had the opportunity to travel to many remote areas of
the earth.
? Mother told me that honesty was the best policy.
? 语态错误
提示：
（1）不及物动词或者不及物动词短语没有被动语态。 appear , belong to , break out , occur , happen 等 （2） 被动语态中的几个常见介词用法。 by 表示动作的执行者 with 表示使用某种工具 of 表由原料制成
from 表示某中物质直接看不出来。 例：
11
YY8640 写作 老师王菲
The bridge is made_____ stone.
The pencil was sharpened _____knife. Wine is made _____rice.
The article was written _____Jack. 单项改错练习
? This meeting has canceled because of the bad weather.
? Farm animals have been regardless by nearly all societies as a valuable economic
resource.
? Another railway is going to built in the area.
? Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
? 虚拟语气：
英语语气一共有3种分别为: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1 虚拟语气的一些特殊用法：
? 表示命令，要求，建议，劝告的动词以及其名词要求宾语从句中使用虚拟。 某些主语从句中也需要虚拟。
? It is (was)+形容词+主语从句（should） +do 形容词包括：
important ,essential, insistent, appropriate, advisable, necessary, desired,等
? would rather +did
? It is high time that +(should )do
? Wish 后面的宾语从句中要求使用虚拟语气，其用法也分为对现在，过去 将来实际情况相反的虚拟。
? in case ,lest , for fear that 引导的状语从句中，要求使用虚拟语气。 （should + do ） 单项改错练习
? He wishes that he is a teacher.
? I’d rather you stay at home and took care of the sick. ? He took his umbrella with him in case it will rain.
? It is important that all the preparation work has finished before the rainy season
started.
? The club president’s recommendation was that all members are at the party by seven
this evening. ? 一致关系
12
YY8640 写作 老师王菲
（1）直接插入成分的句子
例：The child ,being taken care of by his grandparents ,are deaf and mute. （2）对主语进行限定的定语从句
例：The book many students found interesting were written by a famous American
（3）倒装句
例：What are your favorite sport?
（4）用both，and连接两个名词做主语，谓语动词复数形式 例：Both New York and London has traffic problems.
(5) 句中有as well as , no less than , rather than , more than ,but , expect, besides,
accompanied by , along with , together with , like ,including ,in addition to 等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词由前面的名词决定。
例：The teacher as well as the students like this painting.
(6) 句中有or , either…or , neither…nor ,not only ….but also等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词又后面的名词决定。
例：Either the principal or his assistants is to attend to meeting.
(7)并列名词做主语后多用复数。
例：My picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
? 词汇的用法错误 单词的混淆和误用 形近词的误用
例：Three passengers died in the car crush.
例：The resolution was adapted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against it.
近义词误用
例：After the government had taken some efficient measures, prices began to level off.
形近意义词误用
例：The disease mainly effects the skin and nerves.
词性混淆
形容词和副词的误用
例：Professor Smith spoke high of his students’ performance. 例：She held him tight, wiping away his tears.
其他词性的误用
例：cross----across approval----approve
medicine----medical sale----sell 13
YY8640 写作 老师王菲
背诵句型 原因
A number of factors are accountable for /contribute to/lead to/account for this situation /phenomenon/ problem.
The answer to this problem involves many factors. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... One of the most common factor is that ... Another contributing cause is ...
Perhaps the primary reason is that … But the fundamental element is that 比较
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that... Like anything else, it has its faults. A and B has several points in common.
Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 批驳
It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. It makes no sense to argue that ...
Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that 举例
A good case in point is that...
As an illustration, we may take ... as an example. Such an example might be given easily. 证明
No one can deny the fact that ...
Hardly is the idea supported by facts.
Unfortunately, none of the available data shows that ... There is sufficient evidence to show that ... 结尾
From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
14
YY8640 写作 老师王菲
With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 背诵段落
1 图画/图表描述段
①From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar), we know that ________（图表内容总概括）. ②On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that ________（情况一，图一/表一的内容）. ③On the other hand, （the right/second）picture informs us that ________（ 情况二，图二/表二的内容）.④It can easily be seen that ________（揭示图画/表寓意）.
①As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, ________（图表内容总概括）.②In the first picture, ________（描述图/表一内容，如果是一个表，则可左或上半部分）.③As is shown in the second drawing/picture, ________（描述图/表二内容，如果是一个表，则右或下半部分）.④It is safe to draw the conclusion that ________（提示寓意，或主题句，回应主题但不是主题句的重复）.
2 意义阐述段
①Judging from the pictures, we can clearly infer that the drawer’s intention is ________（主题句）.② ________（扩展句）.③For one thing/First of all/Firstly, ________（第一个层面）. ④For another/Besides/Moreover/In addition/Secondly, ________（第二个层面）. ⑤Thus/As a result/Therefore/Finally, ________（总结句）.
①To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that ________（主题句）,yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. ② ________（扩展句）is naturally associated with, to be specific ________（第一个层面）. ③Besides/Moreover/In addition, ________（第二个层面）。④As a result/Therefore, ________（总结句）.
3 原因阐释段
①There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical ones. ②The first reason is that ________（理由一）. ③The second reason is that ________（理由二）. ④The third reason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example is that ________（理由三）.
①There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/case/instance. ②The most contributing one is/the main reason is no other than ________（理由一）. ③What is more, ________（理由二）. ④ ________（理由三）also play a role in this case.
4 建议措施段
15