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Passage Seven
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints （约束）influence wage
increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth's story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle（小隔间） offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with
several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but \
organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you'll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a
raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to
guide the direction of the interaction.
31. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _____. A. demonstrate his capability B. give his boss a good impression C. ask for as much money as he can D. ask for the salary he hopes to get 32. What can be inferred from Beth's story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations. B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it. C. People should not be content with what they have got. D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job. 33. We can learn from the passage that ____. A. unfairness exists in salary increases B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one's performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises 34. To get a pay raise, a person should______. A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C. try to get inside information about the organization
D. do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions 35. To be successful in negotiations, one must_____. A. meet his boss at the appropriate time
B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
Passage Eight
Michael, a typical American, stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the
office. After work, he puts on his headphones, watches a movie on his home video recorder, or plays baseball on the computer. On many days, Michael doesn’t talk to any other human beings, and he doesn’t see any people except the ones on television.
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Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible. The inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.
The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us. Experts say, for example, that many people will soon be able
to work at home. With access to a large central computer, employees such as office clerks, insurance agents, and accountants could do their jobs at display terminals in their own homes. They would never have to actually see the people they’re dealing with. In addition, the way employees are paid will change. Workers’ salaries will be automatically paid into their bank accounts, making paper checks unnecessary. No workers will stand in line to receive their pay or cash their checks. Personal banking will change, too. Customers will deal with machines to put in or take out money from their accounts.
Another area that technology is changing is entertainment. Music, for instance, was once a group experience. People listened to
music at concert halls or in small social gatherings. For many people now, however music is an individual experience. Walking along the street or sitting in their living rooms, they wear headphones to build a wall of music around them. Movie
entertainment is changing, too. Movies used to be social events. Now, fewer people are going out to see a movie. Many more are choosing to wait for a film to appear on television or are borrowing videotapes to watch at home. Instead of laughing with others, viewers watch movies in their own living rooms.
36. After work, Michael likes to _____.
A. listen to music at the concert hall B. watch a movie in his living room C. run a program on his computer in his office D. play baseball with his workmates 37. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Clerks will able to work at home.
B. One can play baseball on the computer.
C. One can listen to music without disturbing others. D. One can borrow books from libraries at home.
38. The sentence “Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible” means_______.
A. Michael is a person full of imagination and he can make his dreams come true B. Michael is not a real person but the lifestyle does exist C. Michael has ambitions but he can’t make his dreams come true
D. Michael is a person full of imagination and his lifestyle is common nowadays 39. What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A. Games and sports. B. Personal banking. C. Music and films. D. International business 40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. We may no longer need to communicate with other human beings. B. Modern technology seems to be separating human beings. C. We may no longer need to work in the office.
D. Modern technology makes it possible for us to work and entertain ourselves at home. Passage Nine
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge（大杂烩）of environmental claims made by household
products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday . Among the report’s more outrageous（令人无法容忍的）findings, a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm
friendly”, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer
International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers
are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder .
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The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States.
It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average. The report focused on claims made by specific products , such as detergent（洗涤剂） insect sprays and by some
garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too
vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of
these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate
claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as
“environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.
41. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ______ A. all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards B. the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving C. consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claims D. few products actually prove to be environment friendly
42. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers _____
A. are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy B. are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling
C. are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment D. still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment 43. Study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to _______
A. find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards B. inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy C. examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D. revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
44. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products? A. They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems B. Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false C. They could arouse widespread anger among consumer D. Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need
45. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to _______. A. make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
B. see all household products meet environmental standards C. warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products D. verify the efforts of non-polluting products
Passage Ten The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow
as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled． In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the world's most powerful economic
organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund．
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The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the
General Agreement on Tariffs（关税）and Trade (GATT) was formed after World War II．
As time went by, it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks—the limited areas of trade it covered,
and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes．
After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合谈判）finally gave
birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and to form new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property．
Even after seven years of talks and with 22,500 pages of agreements reached problems remained, especially in
the difficult-to-deal-with areas of agriculture and services．
46. What is the purpose of the WTO?
A．To encourage international trade to flow freely．B．To make sure that trade agreements are respected． C．To settle any disputes． D．All of the above 47. According to the passage ,the GATT stopped working_______． A．in 1948 B．in 1994
C．after World War Ⅱ ended D．during the seven years of the Uruguay Round talk 48. The WTO is better than the GATT in that_____．
A．it can settle disputes in more areas of international trade B．it enables its members to sign agreements more easily
C．it deals with problems in agriculture and services more effectively D．it pays more attention to service and intellectual property 49. The word “drawbacks” in Para. 4 means ______．
A．weak points B．strong points C．improvements D．changes 50. According to the last two paragraphs, which of the following statements is true? A．The WTO is the world's most powerful economic organization B．The GATT was founded in Uruguay in 1995
C．The WTO has an effective system to settle disputes and to form new rules D．All the countries in the world are member nations of the WTO
Passage Eleven GET YOUR DEGREE AT HOME！
Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to your job or career? It means a lot Americans with an
Associate Degree average nearly $ 10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma． Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today’s growing
fields-without having to go to college full time．With Harcourt, you study at home in your spare time, so you don’t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one．Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking ＆ Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more!
Your training includes everything you need!
Books, lessons, learning aids-even professional-quality tools and equipment-everything you need to master your
training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition（学费）price you pay． Your education is nationally recognized!
Nearly 2,000 American companies-including General Electric, IBM, Mobil．General Motors, Ford, and many
others-have used our training for their employees．If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too!
Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months!
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The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable
job skills in today’s hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy．Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own!
Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training!
Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon（登记表）above．Then, write in the name and number of the
one program you’re most interested in, and mail it today．We’ll rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you’ve chosen. Act today! Mail coupon today!
or call the number below
1-800-372-1589 Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www. harcourt-learning.com E-mail: harcourt@learning.com
51. What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement? A．College students preparing to work in some big companies. B．College students preparing to study for a degree.
C．High school graduates preparing to have at home training.
D．High school graduates preparing for college entrance examinations. 52. Which major is NOT mentioned in the advertisement?
A．Photography B．Physiology C．Accounting D．Bookkeeping 53. People can get a specialized Associate Degree by_________.
A．doing full-time learning at school B．working in some big famous companies C．studying in their spare time D．studying abroad for two years 54. Harcourt training has NOT been used by ____________for its employees.
A．General Motors B．Harvard University C．General Electric D．Mobil 55. How can you contact Harcourt Learning Direct?
A．By sending an e-mail. B．By visiting the office on weekdays.
C．By making a call on weekdays only. D．By sending a letter not later than today.
Passage Twelve Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel
shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge
their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing:
a one- or two-page document describing one's educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.
● \
of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. \
● Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your
'oldest' work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format. \
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