Production & Process Engineering
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
工程学|高级制造技术国际学报
Editor-in-Chief: B. J. Davies ISSN: 0268-3768 (print version) ISSN: 1433-3015 (electronic version) Journal No. 170 主编：B. J. Davies
国际期刊编号: 0268-3768 (打印版)
国际期刊编号: 1433-3015 (电子版) 170号学报
MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION 手稿投递
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
手稿投递提示：投递的手稿必须是未出版的；未在其他期刊发表；必须是所有作者都授权；加入合作者很多，也可以由通讯作者明确、简单授权；如果作品在其他地方已经发表，出版社不负任何法律责任。 Permissions 许可权限
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
作者应该将发表在其他地方的图像、表格、文本等的关于打印、网络版权授权给该出版社，包括投递论文授权的证据。没有证据的任何材料都认为为作者的原稿。 Online Submission 网上投递
Authors should submit their manuscripts online. Electronic submission substantially reduces the editorial processing and reviewing times and shortens overall publication times. Please follow the hyperlink ―Submit online‖ on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
作者应该在网上投递手稿。实际上，电子投递简化为编辑
处理和审稿时间，大大缩短了整体出版时间。请按照右边的超链接--―Submit online‖，按照屏幕上的说明上传关于手稿的所有文件。 SPECIFIC REMARKS 特别备注
Authors should submit a half a page supporting document that answers the below three questions.
作者应该投递回答下面三个问题的说明文档。 (1) What is your main contribution to the field? (1) 你对研究领域的主要贡献是什么？
(2) What is novel? In theory, in experimental techniques, or a combination of both?
(2) 文章中的创新点是什么？理论上，试验技术上，或者二者结合。
(3) Does your paper have industrial applications? If yes, who are the likely user?
(3) 你的文章有工业应用么？假如有，用户式哪些啊？
TITLE PAGE 首页
The title page should include: 首页应该包括：
? The name(s) of the author(s) 作者名称
? A concise and informative title 简明的提供信息性的题目
? The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s) 所有作者的联系方式、地址
? The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding author
通讯作者的E-mail地址，电话，传真号， Abstract 摘要
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
请提供150-250字的摘要。摘要应该不包括任何未定义的缩写、未指明的参考。 Keywords 关键词
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for
indexing purposes.
请提供4-6个文章中标定意义的关键词
Text Formatting 文章格式
Manuscripts should be submitted in LaTeX. Please use Springer’s LaTeX macro package and choose the formatting option ―twocolumn‖.
手稿应该采用LaTeX的格式。请使用Springer’s LaTeX macro package，选用―twocolumn‖的格式。
The submission should include the original source (including all style files and figures) and a PDF version of the compiled output.
手稿应该包括原始材料（包括所有形式的文件和图像），一个所有整理的PDF版本。
LaTeX macro package (zip, 182 kB) LaTeX 压缩包(zip, 182 kB)
Word files are also accepted. In this case, please use Springer’s Word template for preparing your manuscript. 也接受文字文件。该情况下，请准备你的手稿的Springer文字模板
Word template (zip, 154 kB) 文字模板(zip, 154 kB) Headings 标题
Please use the decimal system of headings with no more than three levels.
请使用不超过三行的decimal system标题 Abbreviations 缩写词
Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.
缩写词应该在第一次提及之前定义，之后一贯使用。 Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.
脚注用于施加额外信息，包括列举在参考目录的参考引用。他们不应该仅仅包括参考引用，不应该包括参考目录的书目细节，不应该包括任何图像、表格。
Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference symbols.
文章中的脚注应该连续编号，这些表格应该由小写字母上标文字标识(重要的数据或者其他统计数字采用星号标记)。文章的题目或者作者的脚注不是参考符号。 Always use footnotes instead of endnotes. 采用脚注代替尾注。 Acknowledgments 感谢
Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the reference list. The names of funding organizations should be written in full. 感谢的人、津贴、基金等，应该在文章参考目录前作为单独的一段指出，基金组织的名称应该写全称。
SCIENTIFIC STYLE 科学风格
Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units (SI units).
请使用国际通用的符号、单位标识。
Please use the standard mathematical notation for formulae, symbols etc.:
请使用公式、单位的标准数学标记
Italic for single letters that denote mathematical constants, variables, and unknown quantities
单字母的数学常量、变量、未知量应该采用斜体。
Roman/upright for numerals, operators, and punctuation, and commonly defined functions or abbreviations, e.g., cos, det, e or exp, lim, log, max, min, sin, tan, d (for derivative) 数字、运算符号、标点符号、常定义的函数、缩写等，cos, det, e or exp, lim, log, max, min, sin, tan, d (for derivative)，都采用新罗马、正体表示。
Bold for vectors, tensors, and matrices. 矢量、张量、矩阵采用粗体。
REFERENCES 参考书目 Citation 引用
Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:
文章中的参考书目应该用方括号内的数字定义。例如： 1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3]. 1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].
2. This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman [5].
2. 这个结果后来被Becker and Seligman推翻[5]. 3. This effect has been widely studied[1-3, 7]. 3. 这个结果广泛研究[1-3, 7].
Reference list 参考目录
The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list.
参考目录只包括文章中引用的已经出版或者出版社接受出版的成果。个人的通信、未出版的成果只能在文章中提及，不能使用脚注或者尾注来代替参考目录。
The entries in the list should be numbered consecutively. 参考目录的条目应该联系标注。 Journal article 期刊文章
Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin S, Bosquet L (2009) Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8
Ideally, the names of all authors should be provided, but the usage of ―et al‖ in long author lists will also be accepted: 理论上，所有作者的名字都应该提供，但是如果太多的话，也允许使用“等”字样。
Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. N Engl J Med 965:325–329 Article by DOI Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med. doi:10.1007/s001090000086
Book 书籍
South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London Book chapter 书籍章节
Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 230-257
Online document 网络资料
Cartwright J (2007) Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing Physics Web.
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007 Dissertation 学位论文 Trent JW (1975) Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California
Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations, see 按照国际期刊编号的缩写，期刊名称也可以使用标准。 www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php
For authors using EndNote, Springer provides an output style that supports the formatting of in-text citations and reference list.
对于使用尾注的作者，Springer提供一个支持文章引用的形式和参考目录的output style。 EndNote style (zip, 2 kB) 尾注形式
Authors preparing their manuscript in LaTeX can use the bibtex file spbasic.bst which is included in Springer’s LaTeX macro package.
作者提供他们的LaTeX手稿，使用bibtex文件spbasic.bst。 TABLES 表格
All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. 所有的表格均采用阿拉伯字母标注。
Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
文章中的表格应该连续引用。
For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
对于每个表格，应有表格标题，说明表格的组成。
Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
表格标题的最后，采用参考的形式，确定任何已经发表的提供原始资源的材料。
Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body. 表格的脚注应该采用上标小写字母的形式标识，（重要的数据或者统计数据采用星号），包含在表格本体的下面
ARTWORK 插图
For the best quality final product, it is highly recommended that you submit all of your artwork – photographs, line drawings, etc. – in an electronic format. Your art will then be produced to the highest standards with the greatest accuracy to detail. The published work will directly reflect the quality of the artwork provided.
为了保证最后成果的质量，特别推荐你投递的电子形式的插图—照片、图线图等。为了保证细节的最大精确度，你
的插图将采用最高标准生成。出版的成果将直接表征你提供的成果的质量。
Electronic Figure Submission 电子图像投递
Supply all figures electronically. 投递所有的电子图像
Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
说明被用于生成成果的图像程序
For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable. 矢量图，参考的形式为EPS；halftones的参考形式为TIFF；MS Office文件也可以。
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
包括的矢量图必须在文件中
Name your figure files with \Fig1.eps.
将你的图片文件、图片编号等命名为Fig，Fig1.eps
Line Art 线形图
Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading. 轮廓：无阴影的黑白图
Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
不要使用暗淡的线条、文字，检查最终合适尺寸图片内的所有线条、字母。
All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide. 所有线条应该最小0.1mm宽（0.3磅）
Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
扫描的线形图和bitmap形式的线形图应该有不低于1200dpi的限制。
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
包含文字的矢量图必须有嵌套在文件内的文字。
Halftone Art 半色调图
Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
定义：照片、图纸、较好阴影的绘画。
If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves. 假如在照片中使用的任何放大，指出图片本身内使用的比例指示条。
Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. 半色调图应该有不低于300dpi的限度。
Combination Art 结合图
Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
定义：半色调和曲线、线形图、字母，彩色图标的结合 Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
结合图应该有不低于600dpi的限度。
Color Art 彩色图
Color art is free of charge for online publication. 网络出版物的彩色图是免费的。
? If black and white will be shown in the print version, make sure that the main information will still be visible. Many colors are not distinguishable from one another when converted to black and white. A simple way to check this is to make a xerographic copy to see if the necessary distinctions between the different colors are still apparent. 假如打印版本显示的是黑白色，当转换成黑白色时，许多颜色不能被识别。检测这个情况的简单方式是做一个静电复印的拷贝看一下是否不同颜色的必要区别仍然出现。 ?If the figures will be printed in black and white, do not refer to color in the captions.
假如图片采用黑白颜色，不要推荐彩色标题。
? Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).
彩色说明应该作为RGB的形式投递（8位色调）。
Figure Lettering 图片字母
To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
为了加上字母，最好是使用Helvetica或者Arial字体。 Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
您的最后尺寸图，应保持字母为大小一致，通常使用2-3 mm(8-12磅)。
Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
图表内的字号差异性尽量最小。不要使用8磅轴线上的字体，20磅的轴线标签
Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations. 避免使用阴影，空心字等特效，但不包括你的图表中标题和说明文字。 Figure Numbering 图片编号
? All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. 所有图片应该使用阿拉伯字母编号
? Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
文章中引用的图片应该总是连续编号。
? Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
图片部分应该使用小写字母为图题。
? If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures, \etc.\Material) should, however, be numbered separately.
假如附录出现在你的文章中，并且包含一个或者多个图片，应该继续连续出现在文章主体中。不要使用\A3, etc.\编号附录图片。联机中的图片（电子附录材料）应该分别编号。
Figure Captions 图片标题
Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
每个图片应该有一个准确地描述图片描述的内容的简明标题。包含手稿文本文件中的说明文件，不出现在图片文件中。
Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
图片标题应该以Fig.主体开头，以粗体形式；紧接着为图片编号，以粗体形式；
No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption.
图片编号后不含有标点符号；标题后也不有任何标点符号。
Identify all elements found in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
识别所有的图片标题中的所有元素；使用方框，圆圈等作为图片中的坐标点
Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.
在图片标题结尾处，作为参考印证的形式，标记出原始资源中给出的事先已经出版的材料。
Figure Placement and Size 图片位置和尺寸
? When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
当准备你的图片时，图片尺寸应该适合单栏尺寸
? For most journals the figures should be 39 mm, 84 mm, 129 mm, or 174 mm wide and not higher than 234 mm.
对于大多数期刊，图片宽度为39 mm，84 mm，129 mm，或者174 mm；高度不高于234 mm。
? For books and book-sized journals, the figures should be 80 mm or 122 mm wide and not higher than 198 mm.
对于书籍、书型期刊，图片宽度为80 mm，122 mm，高度不高于198 mm。
Permissions 许可权限
If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used. 假如文章中包括已在其他地方出版过的图片，你必须包含自己的打印版和网络版的版权许可。请意识到不要许可免费的电子版权，Springer将不能补偿受到这些许可中的任何费用。该情况下，其他资源处的材料能使用。
Accessibility 可访问性
In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that 为了给所有的专家、新手都能访问你的图片内容，请保证： ? All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware) 所有图片都具有描述性标题。（瞎子能够使用文字—语音转换软件或者文本—盲文硬件）
? Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (color-blind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
问了传达信息，样式可用来代替或者补充颜色。(色盲用户能够识别视觉元素)
? Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 任何图片、字母都有最少4.5:1的相应比例。
ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL