不愿或不便言明动作的施行者，就干脆将其省略。相对而言，汉语习惯于人称化的表达，主语常常是能施行动作或有生命的物体，所以汉语中主动句多。请看例句：
It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver．长期以来，大家知道心脏与肝脏的关系是最主要的。 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire．大火几乎使这家有名的旅馆全部毁灭。
They were given a hearty welcome．他们受到热烈欢迎。
五、英语的又一显著特点是其丰富的时态。不同的语言具有不同的时态，有的语言甚至很少或没有时态，汉语基本上就是借助词汇来表示各种时间和动作的，汉语动词除了只有“着”、“了”、“过”的若干说法与英语的进行时、完成时或过去时相对外，别无其他与英语相对应的时体形式；而英语不仅有时态，而且种类繁多（共有16种时态），区分细微，习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定的语法手段将动作的进行过程与状况描绘得更准确更精细，有时甚至能表达说话人的感情色彩。如：
You're always asking me such questions！你老是问我这样的问题！（用现在进行时表示厌烦）
I am now living in a very pleasant flat．我现在住在一间非常舒适的公寓里。（用现在进行时表示满意）
所以，传递同样的意思，英语只要选用合适的时态就可以了，汉语则必须使用词汇手段。又如：
It has been noted that those who live，or have lived，in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do．人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。 六、从词汇方面讲，英汉两种语言也有很大差异。就词组而言，英语中的词组或短语可谓林林总总，丰富多彩，有名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、
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分词短语、不定式短语与独立结构等，它们的语法功能不一而足，可作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与表语等。如：
Marriage may be compared to a cage：the birds outside despair to get in and those within despair to get out．婚姻好比鸟笼，外面的鸟儿想进进不去，里面的鸟儿想出出不来。（不定式短语to get in，to get out作状语） I am utterly in the dark about the matter．我对这件事完全不知道。（介词词组in the dark作表语）
Christmas is coming up．圣诞节就要到了。（动词短语come up作谓语） 相比之下，汉语更偏重以单音节或多音节的单词为其基本的句法成分，而且其短语用法十分有限。
语言的形成与发展深受本国、本土、历史、地理、风土人情等各方面的影响，英语、汉语也不例外。英语中某些词的含义并不完全与汉语对等，比如lover这个词，大多数中国人认为是“爱人”（丈夫或妻子），其实在西方lover指的是情夫或情妇；再比如First Lady，在英美等国指的是总统夫人或州长夫人，而在中国常会被误解，认为是“原配夫人”，说不定还会有“二奶”、“三姨太”之类；又如intellectual这个词，在英美等国其范围较小，只包括大学教授等有较高学术地位的人，不包括普通的大学生，而多数中国人认为intellectual就是“知识分子”，而且汉语中的知识分子所指范围很广，大学教师、中学教师、大学生、医生、工程师、翻译人员以及一切受过大学教育的人都可以称为知识分子。
此外英语中的许多词常常一词多义，它们所表达的各个含义，分别与汉语中几个不同的词或词组相对应，所以，在用英文写作时，一定要慎重地选词用词，以期贴切地表达思想。
第二节 段落的基本结构
段落是文章的基本构成成分，其作用是围绕文章的主题或中心思想从不同角度进行有组织的、逻辑性强的说明或阐述。段落由一系列围绕同一主题的句子组成。
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当新的主题出现时，就应开始新的段落。段落一般由三部分构成：主题句（topic sentence）、支撑句（supporting sentence）或扩展句（developing sentence）和结尾句（concluding sentence）。请看下面的一篇短文： What is a topic sentence?
The topic sentence introduces the paragraph. What does it do?
It tells the reader what your paragraph will be about. Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has become an international language. It is now used by most international companies, including the company where I work, for business communication. Another reason why I want to learn English is that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United States, England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary language. Finally, I want to learn English because I plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a manager for my company soon. For all these reasons, I am very excited about learning English. ANALYSIS:
What are you going to tell the reader about?
Topic Sentence: There are three reasons why I want to learn English. 文章中的第一句就是段落的主题句，顾名思义，段落的主题句是表达该段落主题或中心思想的句子，段落的其他句子都是对该主题句的进一步扩展或论证。所以，写好主题句往往是写好文章的关键。在构思主题句时，应注意两个常见的问题，一是主题句太空泛，没有具体内容；二是因一个段落中出现一个以上的主题句而使得段落的中心内容不明确。段落的主题句一般位于段落的开头，尤其是对议论文更是如此。 同样是这篇文章，我们再来看一下它的支撑句。
Supporting Sentences
What are supporting sentences?
supporting sentences come after the topic sentence, to explain your topic sentence.
The supporting sentences with their supporting details make up the body of a paragraph.
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What do supporting sentences do?
They give information to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write supporting sentences?
You should give information, facts, details, and examples. supporting sentences often answer the question \ Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has become an international language. It is now used by most international companies, including the company where I work, for business communication. Another reason why I want to learn English is that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United States, England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary language. Finally, I want to learn English because I plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a manager for my company soon. For those reasons, I want to learn English.
ANALYSIS:
Why do you want to learn English?
Main point: because English has become an international language
一篇文章的主体，除了要有支撑句外，还需一些细节（details）的支撑。 What are details?
Details come after the main points, to explain your point, or give extra information about the main point. The details fill out the body of a paragraph and make it more clear.
What do details do?
They give extra information to support your main points. How do I write details?
You should give details, and examples. Details often answer the question \?\ Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has become
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an international language. It is now used by most international companies, including the company where I work, for business communication. Another reason why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United States, England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary language. Finally, I want to learn English because I plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a manager for my company soon. For those reasons, I want to learn English.
ANALYSIS:
Main point: English has become an international language Detail: It is now used by most international companies Detail: It is used by the company I work for
Main point: I want to travel to English-speaking countries
Detail: The United States uses English as the primary language. Detail: England uses English as the primary language. Detail: Australia uses English as the primary language.
Detail: many other countries use English as the primary language. Main point: I plan to move to the U.S. in the future Detail: I will become a manager for my company
一篇文章要有始有终，到了文章的结束部分，往往会出现结尾句。
Closing Sentence (Conclusion)
What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph. It tells the reader what you were writing about.
How do I write a closing sentence?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using different words. Example:
There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has become an international language. It is now used by most international companies, including the company where I work, for business
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