III. 试译下列句子，将英语主谓结构译成汉语无主句或省主句，汉语无主句或省主句译成英
语主谓结构：
1．Standing armies did not then exist.
2．Often it does not rain there for a whole year or longer. 3．Surely nothing more could go wrong during the next hour. 4．Fuses of sufficient size should be selected. 5．“Did you knit that sweater?” I asked her.
“No,” she answered. “It was done by a woman here in Paris.”
6．One or two car models have been on show for a while at showrooms and car shows. 7．Sharp conflicts are now arising again.
8．The fortress commanded an extensive prospect of the bright and beautiful lake and its
surrounding forests.
9．It was my turn to say that I was sorry.
10．The perspective in which this journey must be placed goes back to Bandung（万隆会议）. 11．记得四岁那年，父亲的假期临近时，大家常常谈起去农村这件事。
13．认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。（邓小平） 15．要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。
16．随着中国四个“特别经济区”的建立，1980年在14个沿海城市建立了“经济技术发展 区”。
17．播种时，必须注意把种子均匀散开。
IV. 试译下列句子，将英语主谓结构译成汉语“主题—述题”结构，汉语“主题－述
题” 结构译成英语主谓结构： 1．I tried everything I could think of.
2．It was many years later before I learned where and how he had got that tricycle. 3．There is nothing else I can do.
4．He avoided everything that might upset the even tenor of his ways. 5．She doesn?t mind whether you agree or not.
6．The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of the past centuries. 7．We talk too much, love too little and lie too often.
8．I was speeding along singing at the top of my voice and didn’t see the fire engine that was
trying to overtake me.
9．Quite a few movies have been made about it.
10．I recognize her brilliance, but question her responsibility.
11．世界博览会发达国家能够举办，发展中国家同样也能举办。 12．在这种气候里，想把这种珍贵的花养活，我还没有那种本事。 13．他什么苦都吃得，从不贪图安逸，追求享受。
14．他办事之专心，在我所认识的人当中很少有人能比得上。
15．书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇
幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。
V. 试译下列英语被动句，并将汉语主动句译成英语被动句：
1．The real meaning of Christmas had been restored to us.
2．A prototype of another display, called the Military E-Book, should be completed next January. 3．Reference books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
4．Hitherto he had been held in check by the controlling interference of Congress.
5．Before reaching his teens, he was firmly installed as official second violinist in the court
orchestra.
6．The company has also been crippled by inflation.
7．His action was prompted by the fear of being attacked.
8．The legislation of the artist is never formulated at the time, though it is sometimes discerned
by future generations.
9．The paper says further research is required into interview techniques.
10．In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries assess its reality.
11．五天前他曾向一家小公司申请工作，现在那公司的一名董事正在跟他谈话。 12．车很快就修好了。
13．我们必须采取措施深化改革。
14．这些铜镜大多是从古墓中出土的，也有少数是传世之物。 15．去年以来她一直失业。
VI. 试翻译下列含有无灵主语的英语句子，并将下列汉语句子译成含有无灵主语的英语句 子：
1．As we crossed that high bridge, a kind of breathlessness gripped me.
2．That system allows the user to see both the environment around them and the display. 3．Dawn met him well along the road.
4．October,1996 found me studying in England. 5．A short, timid ring at the doorbell summoned her.
6．His pursuit of science withdraws interest from external things. 7．Nothing could surpass the trouble and confusion of his mind. 8．A bold stroke would free the land from rapine and devastation.
9．The least alarm of their movement would bring the enemy upon them.
10．Fortunately the dense fog had prevented the enemy from discovering that the lines were unoccupied.
11．现在想起来，我还时常会产生一种莫名的紧张感。
12．过去二十年来，我生活费中至少十分之二是消耗在书上的。 13．经济发展比较快的是一九八四年至一九八八年。 14．你们无论做什么都不能阻止我对理想的追求。
15．她听到远处有脚步声，就停了下来，把身子紧贴在墙上，侧着耳朵细听。 VII. 翻译下列句子，注意动态与静态的互相转换：
1．Some music can lull you into concentration loss, which can cause horrific accidents. 2．Slower music can stimulate a change in our brain pattern, encouraging Alpha waves and
inducing a feeling of well-being.
3．He makes a full confession to the murder and is sentenced to life imprisonment.
4．Fresh from his role in Titanic, he has a double starring role in The Man in the Iron Mask
（《铁面人》）
5．When you ?visit? a World Wide Web page, your browser software forms and sends separate
http requests to the host computer, for the files associated with the page.
6．After thirty years of successful teaching I had a need to understand why the business had
evolved the way it had.
7．Another concern is that donors may exercise undue influence over school systems. 8．He was even of opinion that all men might be poets and orators.
9．A thorough study of electricity in the atmosphere was not possible until the development of
radio and radar.
10．In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of information. 11．鉴于海湾局势日趋严重，中国政府决定暂时停飞中东航班。 12．他搜集了大量的材料，为他的论点提供论据。
13．人们高高兴兴地欢度新春佳节以后，带着美好的愿望，开始了新的一年的新生活。 14．曹操的文学才华，深深地影响了他的儿子曹植和曹丕。 15．改了国籍，不等于就改了民族感情。
VIII. 用重复或替换的方法翻译下列各句：
1．Cold and drought tolerant, the new variety is adaptable to north China. 2．I hate sleeping or sitting on the floor.
3．Bob is bored with, but Peter enjoys, music.
4．Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credit. 5．He was trying to buy their friendship, their respect. 6．Reintroduction inevitably have rewards and risks.
7．I have been reading research studies on self-monitoring for 20 years, and, furthermore,
conducted some myself.
8．They respected him and followed his direction, not because he demanded it but because they
wanted to.
9．The stage（马车）stopped in all towns, large and small. It stopped fifteen minutes in a small
town and two hours in a larger one.
10．I know by instinct that his reserve（矜持）springs from an aversion to showy displays of
feeling—to manifestations of mutual kindliness. 11．Sally did not know that she had married a poet as well as a farmer until two weeks after they
had been married.
12．In addition to conventional outlets（商店）like mass merchandisers and electronics stores,
probably you would like to know the number of “phone stores” in the United States.
Unfortunately, this figure is not available, either from market-research houses or from the U.S. government.
13．Cheerfulness and diligence are nine-tenths of practical wisdom. They are the life and soul of
success, as well as of happiness.
14．Would you open an e-mail from a stranger requesting a lunch date? If so, you are a prime
target for a computer virus.
15．Now they were to go together to see the king, and so they did, and stood before his table. 16．这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增
加，乡镇企业异军突起。（邓小平） 17．你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。
18．在我的后园可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是枣树。（鲁迅） 19．五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下，是在俄国革命号召之下，是在列宁号召之下发
生的。（毛泽东，《新民主主义论》）
20．他用来买汽车保险的钱跟他用来买汽车本身的钱一样多。 IX. 运用所学方法翻译下列英语长句：
1．It is bad enough that the State Department had to admit that a notebook computer with
sensitive material had vanished last January from its ultrasecure internal spy shop after Albright?s inspector general warned about lax security there just months before.
（提示：the State Department国务院；ultrasecure极端安全的；internal spy shop内部间 谍事务所；Albright奥尔布赖特；inspector general监察长）
2．This, by the way, is exactly what a marketing consultant I know did for a large
telecommunications client.
3．One number can now be used for all your different devices and communications, thanks to a
new system devised by a technology company which uses the science available in the hi-tech modern world.
4．The myth states that the unknown architect, then in his thirties, submitted rough sketches to
the competition judges, that he ignored most of the rules, that his design was only selected after being plucked at the last moment from the reject pile by one of the judges, and that the design was unbuildable.
5．His experiments in the 1970s and early 1980s included the successful transplant of the heads
of animals, which he said remained very aware of their surroundings despite their paralysis from the neck down.
6．The computers are being developing in three variants: high-end units with powerful central
processing units (CPUs) and communications capabilities that can run most desktop
applications; extremely light “thin-clients” with communications capabilities but little computing power; and a middle option with communications capabilities and limited computing power that balances power and bandwidth against weight and size.
7．Look through reviews of the famous 1939 film adaptation of Margaret Mitchell?s classic Civil
War novel of romance and southern ways, Gone with the Wind, and it?s hard to believe the critics were writing about the same thing.
8．Having worked in advertising in Tokyo in his twenties, the Estonian-born rebel with a cause
eventually made his way to Vancouver（温哥华）, where in 1989 he founded the magazine Adbusters（《广告冲击波》）and helped launch a movement called culture jamming. 9．He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed
white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. (Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea)
10．The practice of her company specializes in advising companies on how to build and maintain
that more metaphysical aspect of what brands are about: the brand?s reliability as what she calls a ?repository of knowledge about the things that people are going to buy or use?.
X. 下列译句中有的理解错误，有的表达不尽人意。试核对原文，给译句润色，使译句更符
合汉语的行文习惯： 1．Ten minutes later, the hall was filled with chatting, groaning, and angry contempt.
原译：十分钟后，整个大厅充满了闲谈、抱怨和由于受到蔑视而感到极为愤怒之声。 2．Home medical testing would seem to be a logical extension of patients? rights to know about
and monitor their own health.
原译：看来家庭医学测试会成为病人了解与监视他们自己健康状况权利的逻辑延伸。 3．Almost every culture has rituals to signal a change in one?s life. Marriage is one of the most
basic life changes for people of all cultures.
原译：几乎每一种文化都有仪式来标志一个人生活的变化。婚姻对于各种文化的人而
言都是最基本的生活变化之一。 4．One of my students got herself bicycling every day simply by putting her bicycle in her
doorway before she left for school.
原译：我的一个学生为了促使自己每天骑车锻炼，采取了离家上学前将自行车放在门
道里的简单方法。 5．Later in the pub they teased her about not drinking, trying to make her admit what she had
done; but she steadily pretended she didn?t want a drink.
原译：后来，他们在酒吧取笑她不喝酒，试图使她承认她所做过的事情，可她坚决假
装她不想喝酒。 6．Futurist Ian Pearson sees a convergence between intelligent computers and biotechnology, the
advent of implanted chips and enhanced intelligence.
原译：未来学家伊恩·皮尔逊看到了智能计算机和生物技术之间的一个会聚点——计
算机植入晶片和增强智能的技术的出现。 7．He loved the way she looked, her mouth twitching between laughter and disbelief.
原译：他喜欢她看人时的那副神情，嘴巴在哈哈大笑和怀疑之间抽动了一下。
8．The greatest thing in family life is to take a hint when a hint is intended----and not to take a
hint when a hint is not intended. (Robert Frost)
原译：家庭生活中最重要的不仅是成员之间的心领神会，还需要心有灵犀一点通。 9．And in laboratories throughout the world, manufacturers are diverting millions in R&D dollars
to aromatherapy research, an area that is laying claims to a larger-than-ever share of the $4- billion-plus fragrance market.
原译：而在全世界的实验室中，制造商们正将数百万美元的研究与开发费花在芬芳疗
法研究上，这个领域正对超过40亿美元的香气市场提出比以往任何时候都大的 份额。 10．But while admitting to the fullest extent the wonderful achievements of labour, and
recognising the fact that men of the most distinguished genius have invariably been found the most indefatigable workers, it must nevertheless be sufficiently obvious that, without the original endowment of heart and brain, no amount of labour, however well applied, could
have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton, or a Beethoven.
原译：但是，在最大程度上承认劳动的了不起的成就，承认最出类拔萃的天才人物永
远是最不知疲倦的工作者这一事实的同时，无论怎样都必然十分明显的是，假 如没有心灵和头脑固有的天赋，不论多么大量的劳动，应用得多么恰当也创造 不出一位莎士比亚、牛顿或贝多芬。