2015年12月5日雅思阅读预测
1.石油衰落
27/ yes [第一句话 his successful prediction has hold a new generation of......experts at odac, who worry that the global peak in production with come in the next decade... E段开始的第一句话，说明此人影响力大]
28/ Not Given [oil from that area then becomes less competitive in relation to other fuels, or to oil from other areas.定位D段文章是 less competitive ... other fuels. 指的价格，题目是比其他持续的长。不是一回事，但没有冲突，不能直接驳斥]
29/ NO [末句 Kenneth Deffeyes of Princeton university argues in a lively new book...that global oil production could peak as soon as 2004. E段开始 第一句话，chief among... experts ... worry ...global peak. 但是文章说是ran out，一个高峰，一个用完，相互矛盾。而且文章有next decade, 题目是this decade] 30/ No [末句only around 30-35% industry optimists believe that new techniques on the drawing today could life that figure to 50-605 within a decade.因为题目中 此题有不同的两个答案争持不下。在 J段，而题目是超过50%“正在”被提升，文章是未来的意思。]
31/ YES [he finds evidence of both bias and recurring errors which suggests that methodological mistakes were the problem. H 段中部：a problem.... he faults forecasters ....rely on. 说明至少有问题。]
32/ controversial [倒数第2句 at the time ,his forecast was controversial, and many rubbished it.]
33/ tapped/（new）[第一句that oil production in a new area typically rises quickly
at first, as the easiest and cheapest reserves are tapped.]
34/ expensive [第三句 over time reservoirs age and go into decline ,and so lifting oil becomes more expensive.]
35/ competitive [倒数第二句 oil from area then becomes less competitive in relation to other fuels, or to oil from other areas.]
36/ E [Michael lynch of DrI-WEFA, an economic consultancy, is one of the few oil forecasters who has got things...]
37/ D [Rene Dahan one of ExxonMobil?s stop managers. goes further: with an assurance characteristic of the world's largest energy company ...]
38/ B [M. king Hubbert ,a Shell geologist of legendary status among depletion experts...]
39/ A [末句 Colin Campbell even derided the amazing display of ignorance, denial and by government, industry and academics on this topic.] 40/ C [Dr Deffeyes captures this end-of-technology development.]
2. 复印机的发明
1/ False [When the Sumerians transposed spoken words into stylus marks on clay tablets more than 5,000 years ago, they hugely extended the human network that language had created.]
2/ Not Given [文中B段前半部分提及Johann Gutenberg发明了复印机，但并未提及使用前需要如何培训的内容。]
3/ Not Given [The first true mechanical copier was manufactured in 1780, when James Watt, who is better known as the inventor of the modern steam engine, created the copying press. 注意这一题修饰James Watt的定语从句中使用的是“is”，说明“better known as the inventor of the modern steam engine”是一个客观事实，是为了将James Watt介绍给读者的一种方式，而不是指1780年时他
已经因发明蒸汽机而著名。如果要表达“在1780年，James Watt已经因为发明蒸汽机而著名”应该将“is”改为“was”。因此原文并未明确表示1780年Watt已经发明了蒸汽机。]
4/ True [Competing manufacturers soon introduced other copying technologies and marketed machines called Dupliton, Dial-A-Matic Autostat, Verifax, Copease and Copymation. ... All required expensive chemically treated papers.]
5/ False [The machines were displaced, beginning in the late 1800s, by a combination of two 19th century inventions: the typewriter and carbon paper. For those reasons, copying presses were standard equipment in offices for nearly a century and a half. ......None of those machines are still manufactured today. 文中指出typewriter and carbon paper是standard equipment(标准设备)，且存活了一个半世纪，如此一来，就不可能因卖的不好而很快淘汰。其次，根据D段首句的原文可知，它确实已经被取代了。因此，题干前半部分是对的，但后半部分与原文不符。]
6/ False [In 1959, it introduced an office copier called the Haloid Xerox 914, a machine that, unlike its numerous competitors, made sharp, permanent copies on ordinary paper -- a huge breakthrough. 题干说Haloid Xerox 914需要特殊的纸张，而文中说该机器只需“ordinary paper”，题干意思与原文不符。] 7/ (normal) inventor [Compare with competitors, Carlson was not a normal inventor in 20-century.]
8/ corporations [He made his discovery in solitude in 1937 and offered it to more than 20 major corporations, among them IBM, General Electric, Eastman Kodak and RCA.]
9/ turned him down [All of them turned him down, expressing what he later called “an enthusiastic lack of interest” and thereby passing up the opportunity to manufacture what Fortune magazine would describe as “the most successful
product ever marketed in America”.]
10/ commercial triumph [Carlson?s invention was indeed a commercial triumph.] 11/ wealthy [Xerography eventually made Carlson a very wealthy man.] 12/ possessions [His possessions seemed to be composed of the number of things he could easily do without.]
13/ charities [He spent the last years of his life quietly giving most of his fortune to charities.]
3. 示例学习法
1/ D [Further elegant experiments showed that naive adults could develop the skill if they were provided with cones from which the first complete spiral of scales had been moved, rather like our new photocopier which you can word out how to use once someone has shown you how to switch it on.通过实验表明，不会剥松果的成年鼠在首次看到沿着纹路边沿完全被分开的松球后，就能够学会剥松果的技能；这就像人们在使用心得影印机时， 一旦有人给你演示怎么打开它，你自己就能弄清楚如何使用。] 2/ A [Learning theory is rooted in the work of ...]
3/ C [第三题题干说的是discovery of who stripped the pine cone一个关于谁剥去松果的发现。C段的研究报告就是为了找出是谁来stripped the pine cone。D段已经不是研究这个问题了。所以选C]
4/ E [A good example of adaptive bearing we might conclude, let's see the economies.]
5/ False [C段前四行“So the investigation started with no....managed to get them out of the cones.”去Israel是为了找出谁在吃这些pine seeds，不是题干中的为了调查black rats如何学习吃pine cones。所以False。] 6 True [“black rat and the technique...in sequence from base to tip...”]
7/ True [D段倒数第四行“rather like our new photocopier which you can work out how to use once someone has shown you how to switch it on.”通过别人的示范习得如何使用复印机，符合题干中的learned from other relevant experiences.]
8/ False [“In the case of rats,...allowing them to acquire the complete stripping skill”原文明显提及这个技能是“acquire”得来，所以不是“instinct”本能。] 9/ less [...the Mexican jay will also cache food but is much less dependent upon this than the nutcracker.]
10/ social [The two species also differ in their structure, the nutcracker being rather solitary while the jay forages unsocial groups.]
11/ watched [The design is slightly somical with a catcher bird wandering about a room with lots of holes in the floor hiding food in some of the holes, while watched by and observer bird perched in a cage.]
12/ observer [题干问扮演哪个角色时，Nutcracker和Mexican Jay不一样。“in the role of catcher, not only....no better than chance.”说catcher角色时，两鸟表现同样出色，但是observer角色时，Jay表现的和catcher角色一样好，Nutcracker表现不如catcher角色，所以两鸟的observer表现不同。应填observer。]
13/ Nutcracker [..., however, jay observers were as successful as jay catchers whereas nutcracker observers did no better than chance.]
4. 儿童概念的发展
28/ FALSE [found no distinction between children and adults as they shared similar leisure activities and often the same type of work]
29/ FALSE [题目问：Aries 认为中世纪时期，小孩要工作这件事意味着小孩不受到喜爱。原文A段前半部分说，中世纪时期，小孩和大人一样都是要工