markets I bought firecrackers like all the other kids. Then beginning on New Year’s Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night! On New Year’s Day we watched huge parades go in the middle of the streets. People in costumes danced lion and dragon dances, and played instruments in front of us. We visited friends and relatives to wish them Happy New Year.
As the years have gone by, I have grown up. Instead of staying home with my family on New Year’s Eve, I prefer to go out with my friends to celebrate and dance. We will enter the new year with happiness and make greater progress. 评析：
作者按时间顺序描述了庆祝新年的风俗和场面，是一篇生动具体，简明流畅，富于联想的情景作文。文章中用得好的词语有：“fill up with crowds of people‖, ―the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night‖, ―instead of‖, ―prefer to‖等。
第四节 怎样写关键词作文
关键词作文是通过提供关键词以达到控制文章内容、限定写作范围的作文形式。对于关键词作文我们可以从以下几个方面着手：
1. 理解这些词的含义，把这些词与主题挂钩，在脑海中形成一个提纲。 2. 拟定提纲，确定素材。
3. 恰当运用关键词，扩展成文。关键词一定要用上， 但也不能盲目使用，尤其不可以堆砌，这样很容易造成句与句之间脱节，不连贯。 例如：
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “Environmental Pollution”. You should write a passage with the words and phrases given and it should be no less than 120 words. Key words:
the problem of pollution, cause, artificial substances, release, waste products, industrial production, consumption of goods, bring it under control, chemical substances 例文：
Environment Pollution
I read a piece of news recently. It says that in Japan many businessmen are selling fresh air to customers, and now it is getting more and more popular. Why? –Fresh air is getting less and less in Japan, and so it is in the U.S.A.
In fact, environment pollution is a very serious problem the whole world is facing. It is mainly caused by the waste products released from artificial substances, industrial production and increased consumption of goods. Besides, the use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes environmental pollution. Look at the sky, you can see that dense smoke is being released from the high sky and big chimneys; those dirty and poisonous substances are flowing into the rivers that we use for drinking water and millions of tons of waste products are heaping around us.
How to change this situation? More and more countries are trying to work out some effective means to bring it under control, but no great success has been made. 评析：
这篇关键词作文思路清晰，把关键词有机的串连在一起，统一有序，而且词汇运用较为丰富，表述准确流畅，如：“and so it is in the U.S.A., mainly, increased, dense smoke, flowing into, work out some effective means to, but no great success has been made‖等等
第五节 怎样写段首句作文
“段首句”就是段落的第一个句子，是位于段落首位的段落主题句。一般情况下，段首句与段落的主题句有相当密切的联系。段首句往往就是段落的主题句。作为考生，谁掌握了这种命题形式的写作方法，谁就能在短文写作中随机应变、得心应手。写段首句作文时应注意以下几点：
1. 续写段首句作文，要紧扣主题。围绕段首句续写并展开其内容，使段内每个句子的内
容和细节与段首句紧密联系起来，做到思想与内容完整统一。
2. 根据段首句思想内容的安排，选择最佳的作文展开方式，通常采用如下写作方法：叙
述、描写、例证、因果、分析归类、比较对比、程序和定义等模式。有时几种写作方法同时使用。
3. 作文中的句子之间要衔接自然、流畅。
4. 段首句的内容必须按一定的逻辑关系展开，以便达到结构上的连贯。 例：
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “On dieting” in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its idea in completing the paragraph. Write about 35 words for each paragraph, not including the words given. Therefore, your part of the composition should be about 100words. Remember to write clearly.
1. More and more people, especially females, are beginning to go on a diet. .
2. Dieting is of great benefit to the over-weighted people. .
3. As a coin has two sides, dieting also has some disadvantages. . 例文：
On Dieting
More and more people, especially females, are beginning to go on diet. Some people are concerned with their health, they began to go on diet in order to lose unwanted weight. But some others, especially the young women, are paying too much attention on their outward appearance, they become the leading members who go on a diet.
Dieting is of great benefit to the over-weighted people. First, being over-weight is bad for one’s health because it leads to heart disease, high blood pressure. Etc. Second, being over-weight brings about so much inconvenience to the life of the over-weighted people and dieting enables them to enjoy life more.
As a coin has two sides, dieting also has some disadvantages. For one thing, many people diet not because they really want to live a healthy life, but because they are vain. In this way they will suffer from malnutrition. For another, dieters lead a miserable life because they are forever hungry and, at the same time, they have to go through the misery of watching others enjoy their three meals a day. 评析：
这是一篇议论文。文章第一段采用了先果后因，多因一果的方法，论证为什么越来越多的人，尤其是女性开始减肥。第二段和第三段运用举例法分别论证其主题句。此外文章安排非常成功，第一段解释减肥的两种原因，即身体健康和外观漂亮，为第二、三段进行了铺垫，正是第二段减肥的利和第三段减肥的弊的论证中心。其中“some, are concerned with, unwanted, some others, leading, being over-weighted is bad for, enables to enjoy, suffer from‖等词语用的都比较好。
第四章 应用文写作
应用文是大学英语四级考试大纲的新增内容，也是大学生必须掌握的日常写作项目，其中2001年6月和2002年1月的四级写作考试的内容就是应用文方面的。应用文就是人们在日常工作和学习中处理某些问题所使用的一种文体。应用文种类繁多，如各类书信、便条、通知、海报等都属于应用文之列。随着中国加入WTO，对考生应用能力考察的作文会越来越多，这一趋势应该引起考生的注意。应用文和其它文体最大不同在于前者在行文格式上更讲究。这里我们仅对日常生活中应用较为广泛的书信加以介绍。 一、日常书信写作技巧
英文信笺一般包括8个部分：发信人的地址和日期，即信头（heading）,收信人的姓名及地址，即信内地址(inside address)， 对收信人的称呼(salutation)， 信的正文(body)，结束敬语(complementary close)，签名(signature)，附件(the enclosure)和附言(the postscript)。
信头的写法如下：先写姓名，再写地址（由小到大），最后写日期。日期往往是先月份，后日期和年（如：April 24, 2001），常位于书信右上方。信内地址常位于信笺的左上角，略低于信头一两行处。称呼一般自成一行，从左边顶格写，常以Dear开头，称呼后加上逗号。
英文信的正文和中文信的正文差不多，都要求思路清晰、中心突出、通俗易懂、直截了当。结束的语一般置于信纸中央靠右下方的位置，头一个字母大写，其余均用小写，在末尾加上逗号。寄信人的姓名则写在结束语的下面，若随信附有附件，应在信笺左下角注明，如Encls (或Enclosures) a resume, 以便收阅人查阅。附言是对写信过程中出现的遗漏的话的补充。一般来说，如果不是非写不可的话，应该在公务信函中尽量避免。另外在非正式书信中或没有特殊要求，信头和信内地址通常不写。 例如：
2002年1月试题 Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
例文：
A Letter to the University President about
the Canteen Service on Campus
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
I am a second year student from the Physical Department. I am writing to you about the canteen service on our campus.
Generally speaking, the overall service of the canteen is quite satisfactory. There are so many varieties of food that students from different places in China can find their favorite food in the canteen. However, I have to point out one weak point.
The only weak point is the environment: the seats are always occupied and sometimes we have to spend more than ten minutes searching for seats while holding our meals in hand. Often there is no music or the like to accompany us at meal time. Sometimes we may enjoy some TV programs, but usually not of our own Choice.
A pleasant eating environment and nutritious food are both important to the students. Therefore I hope Mr. President will take measures to improve our canteen service.
Sincerely yours, Li Ming 书信常用的开头语和结束语有： ※ 开头语 1. 通知信函
I have the honor to tell you that… I have the pleasure to tell you that… I am much delighted to tell you that… I am writing to tell you that… It is my pleasure to tell you that… 2. 回复信函
Your letter of the 3rd has arrived.
I was delighted to receive your letter dated October 24. It was such a lovely surprise to have heard from you. It was nice to hear from you again. ※ 结束语
Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thanks again for telling me that… Please give my love/wishes/regards to I hope to hear more news about… Please remember me to your family. With the best regards to your family. ※ 常见的结束敬语
用于一般信件，非正式的友好敬语 Sincerely , Most sincerely,
写给朋友或者熟人敬语
Yours, Yours truly, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Yours cordially 写给亲密的朋友和亲人的敬语
Love, Yours lovingly, Affectionately yours, Your loving son/daughter, All my love,
公务信函敬语
Faithfully yours, (或Yours faithfully)
Respectfully yours, (或 Yours respectfully) 二、求职信写作技巧
求职信是应用书信的一种，也应是四、六书面表达的热点内容。求职信提供招聘单位有关求职者的各种个人资料，兴趣爱好，工作和教育背景等等。写好求职信，是审请一份工作的必要条件。下面我们将用实例分七个步骤来介绍求职信的写作技巧。 第一步 介绍来源
介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句。它可使求职信显得自然、流畅；而不介绍消息来源会使收信人感到意外、突然，文章缺乏过渡、照应。比如：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I learned from the newspaper of May 22 that your company wanted to hire an English translator.
第二步：表明求职心愿
介绍信息来源后，应向招聘人表明自己或他人的求职心愿，即写信的目的。比如： I am interested in this job very much and I wish to apply for this position. 第三步：介绍个人简历
某单位需进新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干这种工作的经历、业绩，也是难以或需较长时间才能适应的，而且和用人单位的用人原则是相悖的，因此介绍个人简历是必不可少的。例如：
Now I'd like to introduce myself to you. My name is Liu Hua. I am twenty-six years old and a graduate of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. My experience in this line of work includes four years as an English translator with the ABC Company．I feel that my excellent educational and work experience background has prepared me to make an equally successful contribution as a member in your company. 第四步：摆出求职优势
仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。如可通过如下方法摆出自己或他人优势：
I have good interpersonal and communication skills and an open mind to learn new concepts. I'm good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. I've translated several Chinese books into English and I can talk to foreigners in English freely. 第五步：提出获职打算
丰富的工作经验、一定的优势和特长只能代表过去和现在的情况。如果获职后自以为心愿已了，从此高枕无忧，马虎从事，那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然，表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。获职打算可作如下介绍：
Should this application letter meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to satisfy the confidence you may repose on me.
第六步：请求答复联系
如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时作好准备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见，请求答复联系时你应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。答复联系的内容可作如下介绍：
I am enclosing my resume together with my photo，and believe that they may be found satisfactory. I will be available for an interview from June 4 to July 4. My telephone number is 3654731.
第七步：表明感激之情
无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦。因此，你应向对方表明感激之情，例如：
Looking forward to hearing from you and thank you for your consideration.
上述七步内容联成一个整体，再加上下面的信尾，就成为一封完整的求职信。
Yours Truly
样卷4： 得分：14分
评语：切题。思路清晰，表达清楚，内容丰富，层次分明。文字连贯通顺，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别拼写及用词错误。
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). But whether it’s necessary to carry out a test of spoken English has been debated heatedly and no conclusion has been drawn.
Many people hold the view that it is necessary to carry out a test of spoken English. They argue that spoken English is one of the essential among a person’s comprehensive English abilities. As the other required abilities such as listening, reading, speaking and translating have all been taken into account in CET, why haven’t spoken English? In addition, with China’s entry into WTO and the proceeding of the open-door policy, there will be more and more chances to speak English, to communicate with foreigners. So take the current situation and the necessity of fully development into consideration, it’s an urgent need to hold a test of spoken English.
However, different people hold different points of view. Some think it unnecessary right now to carry out this kind of text. They argue that a large number of English learners are not good at spoken English, since they have long been accustomed to the old testing system. If we hold such tests, it will be a big strike to their enthusiasm towards English study. As a result it will frighten away lots of English learners, especially those who are not sensitive to sounds. They further point out that sufficient preparation has not been made by examination institutions and an urgent test will obviously result in unfairness.
In my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a test of spoken English. To reconcile the two opinions mentioned above, I believe it’s better to make it an optional test instead of a required one. Those who take part in oral English test and make a good performance can get extra certificate. Thus, it will be a great boost to arise the English learners’ interest in improving their speaking ability and a soft treatment to those who are afraid of speaking English out. According to the above evidence, I think it’s safe to draw the conclusion that a test of spoken English is necessary in the long run, so we’d better make preparations now. Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words and your composition should include the following points (given in Chinese):
1. 有些人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是… 2. 也有人持不同的意见，… 3. 我的看法和打算