洁，打扮
hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫生 interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作用
(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密
(muscle肌肉->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic of a male男子气，阳刚气
modify: v. to change; to alter变更， 修改
monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物
nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养，喂养，培养
(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观，客观性
(orient东方的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的
predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的，肉食的 (relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的 roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹，殴斗 sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的，完全的，纯粹的 sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地，严格地
(sym-=same; pathy=feeling) sympathy (sympathize with sb.): n. sharing the feelings of another同情，同情心
tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒，逗乐
(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯，羞怯 verbally: adv. orally; literally口头上地，言辞地
wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤
Phrases and Expressions
cope with: =deal with; to handle处理；应对 due to: owing to由于
have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权；享用权
in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据；按照；就……而言
settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less nervous or restless安顿下来；平静
Reading Comprehension
I. Choose the best for each of the following.
1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex caregivers cannot?
A. By being adults in their children's lives.
B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathers
C. By differing parenting styles among people.
D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.
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2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, _____.
A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with life
B. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infant
C. mothers teach children the difference between men and women
D. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children
3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers
A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable B. learn self-control
C. are more physical and action oriented D. need mom's softness
4. Which of the following can be categorized as \
A. Expanding experiences and confidence.
B. Yelling \ C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad. D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.
5. Girls with involved \
A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with males
B. build emotional security, and safety from other men and women C. learn what masculinity is D. cope with life differently
II. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (小结) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.
Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles. Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5) communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers, the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood.
Vocabulary
I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1. She was _____ a normal childhood by the war.
A. deprived of B. taken away C. given up D. got out
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2. Roses in a silver bowl _____ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table. A. comparison B. complement C. competition D. compensation
3. Charles Darwin saw in the _____ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->) evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and selection.
A. (divide->) division B. (diverse->) diversion C. diversity D. (vary->) variation
4. We (meet->) met on two _____ occasions. One was an academic conference; the other a party.
A. clear B. distinct (different) C. likely(possible) D. notable (obvious)
5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the _____ of the people on the planet.
A. interaction B. contract C. interplay D. interchange
6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are _____ in the greenhouse. A. natured (born to be) B. cultivated (->culture文化) C. nurtured (养育) D. nourished (提供营养)
7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no motives (动机) but those of _____ patriotism (爱国主义). A. absolute(绝对的) B. sheer (only纯粹的) C. pure D. complete
8. The children _____ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖). A. roughhouse (fight) B. handle
C. (pretense->)pretend D. behave
9. The building is _____ south and north. A. allocated (assign分配) B. guided (导游) C. operated (操纵) D. oriented (取…坐向)
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10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to ___. A. timidity(胆怯) B. quality(质量)
C. characteristics(特性特征) D. behavior (行为)
II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. settle down facilitate modify subtle consequence verbally sympathy cope with academic instinct have/has access to sternly aggression systematically nurture
1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression. 2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy. 3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of the only son in the accident
4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻工作者->journalism新闻学) whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and a demanding ethical (moral) sensibility (responsibility). 5. I was (amuse逗人乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.
6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the restricted area.
7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally). 8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt. set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).
9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).
10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of English-speaking society.
Translation
Put the following paragraph into English.
在只有母亲或只有父亲的家庭里长大的孩子将会极大地缺乏自信、独立及安全感。这羊的孩子极易出现性别识别错误、性虐待，女孩还易受到其他男人的性侵犯。他们长大成人后，很难对男人或女人有健康认识和尊重。
参考译文:
Children growing up in mother-only or father-only homes will suffer deeply in terms of lack of confidence, independence, and security. Such boys and girls will be at
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greater risk for gender confusion, abuse and exploitation from other men. They are less likely to have a healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood.
II Reading for Amusement
I stepped onto the patio. It was early spring, only a few months after my 17-year-old daughter, Erin, died, killed by a drunken driver. Erin loved sunning herself out here, curling up in a deck chair with a book. Now the chair was empty. There was no book on the end table. But I never wanted to forget what it was like to look out and see her there. I turned to go back into the house and caught sight of a splash of color. A single purple flower had pushed up among the rocks around the patio, where nothing had ever grown before. Purple had always been Erin's favorite color.
That summer the flower grew tall and bloomed, and the next summer a whole patch sprouted, I never did anything to care for those buds, but somehow they still thrived. Every year I looked forward to sitting outside on the patio with \I decided to call them. It was my way of feeling close to my daughter again.
The fifth summer, the flowers did not appear. I kept scanning the rocks around the patio, and I looked all over the yard. I couldn't see any sign of them, not even a sprout. November and the anniversary of Erin's death came around.
One day I stood at the window, watching cold rain lash the patio. Then a spot of purple caught my eye. I grabbed my raincoat and rushed out on the patio. Erin's flowers! How could they be growing now, with winter on the way?
It snowed later that week, and four more times that winter, yet the purple flowers survived, staying healthy and bright.
I don't know much about flowers, but these intrigued me. I took a picture and showed it to Erin's grandmother. She'd know what they were.
\these look familiar?\I asked. She stared at the picture for a minute, then looked up at me.
\
Vocabulary
anniversary: 周年纪念 deck chair: 轻便折叠躺椅 intrigue: 激起¨一…的兴趣；密谋 lash: 变大；猛击 patio: 天井；院子 splash: 飞溅；泼洒 sprout: 萌芽，发芽
thrive: 兴旺；繁荣；茁壮成长
Part III. Grammar
复合句(二)——限定性定语从句
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