词汇：
reggae /'regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的舞曲） bribery /'braib?ri/ n. 行贿，贿赂
apartheid / ? 'P a:theit / n. 种族隔离 注释：
1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women. 她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是 坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋和女性权利的缺失。
2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one's family, and saving the environment. 他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。
练习：
1. This passage is about how African pop music is非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么？_______. A) usually about love and romance冒险故事，浪漫史，传奇文学 B) more serious than most pop music C) popular with young people in Africa
D) mostly written just for entertainment娱乐，消遣
2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什
么？.
A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interesting
C) entirely完全地，彻底地strange to them
D) both familiar熟悉，通晓and different不平常，与众不同，别致
3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什
么？
A) write about serious problems B) studied in the United States C) lost their homes at a young age D) write songs in a new pop style
4. Eric Wainaina_______ Eric Wainaina的成长细节. A) prefers to sing in English B) listened to traditional music C) studied music in Boston
D) performs演出；表演 only in the United States
5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because___写有关女人的问题的原因是
什么.
A) she was had a difficult life herself B) there are many problems in Tanzania C) she has had an easy life herself D) there are no other women singers 答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么？由第一段倒数第一句可以得出答案。―It is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.‖ A,D项错误，C项未提及。
2.D 本题的问题是：对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什么？从第一段可以得出答案。―The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.‖故正确选项为D。
3. A 本题的问题是：全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什么？总览全文可以得出结论。全文通篇在讲有关社会和政治等严肃主题的音乐，故正确答案为A。B,C,D都有明显的错误。
4. C 本题的问题是：Eric Wainaina的成长细节。由第二段可以得出答案。―…and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.‖ 其余选项均有错误。
5. A 本题的问题是：Witness Mwaijaga 写有关女人的问题的原因是什么？答案在第三段第二句―Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.‖明显可见是她有切身经历。所以正确答案为A。
+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority大部分；大多数of these women are poor , without the food or resources财力to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .
One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural [?gri'k?lt??r?l]农业的
economy , large families are helpful .Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family;
instead, they are an expense消耗，花费. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world's lowest.
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita
每人,照人数分配的
incomes in the world.
Nevertheless虽然如此，然而，依然, it also has a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced缩小their population growth.
Clearly, other factors are involved牵涉, 牵连. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status地位，身份for women.2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved改进，改善；增进 condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends趋势，趋向 show that an effective有效的program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real
chance of success.
词汇：
industrialization / in‘d?stri?lai‘zei??n/ n. 工业
possibility /p?s?'bil?ti/ n. 可能性，可能发生的事物 effective /i'fektiv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的，实际的 注释：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 传统的农业经济中，家庭成员数目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味着田里的劳动力多且有人给父母养老。
2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往与妇女缺乏教育与社会地位低下相关。
3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 这些趋势表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依赖于良好的经济状况。
练习：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______. A. can be an advantage B. may limit income C. isn‘t necessary D. is expensive
2. When countries become industrialized, _______. A. families often become larger
B. the birth rate generally goes down
C. women usually decide not have a family D. the population generally grows rapidly
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______. A. agricultural country with a high birth rate B. agricultural country with a low birth rate C. industrialized country with a low birth rate D. industrialized country with a high birth rate
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______. A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C. women who have a high income usually have few children D. the birth rate depends on per capita income
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______. A. is not concerned about the status of women B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly C. does not allow women to work outside the home D. has tried to improve the condition of women 答案与题解：
1. A 本题的问题是：在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么？从文中第二段第二句和第三句话可以得出明确的答案。―In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.‖所以答案为A，是优势。
2. B 本题的问题是：当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么？从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。―In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.‖由此可见出生率降低。
3. C 本题的问题是：本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么？从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为C。
4. B 本题的问题是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么？由第三段开头可知―However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.‖下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以外影响出生率的因素。
5. D本题的问题是：墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的政府采取了怎样的措施？从文中第四段后半部分―On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.‖可以得出结论。另一方面从第四段开头也可以得出结论。―The most important of these is the condition of women.‖之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可以得出结论。
第42篇Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four