c. 有无明显跑题的话
2) 写好:要在字,词,句,篇章,文化和写作常识上好好斟酌,才能写出满分文章
4. 写作常识
写作常识包括语法,标点,拼写,格式等等,切莫小看了这些环节,避免小的失误会让阅卷者对同学们有一个好的印象,这对获得高分至关重要。满分作文是允许有轻微错误的。
5. 书写要求
1)卷面要整洁,字迹要清楚 应细心书写,便于别人阅读。大写字母应稍大于也稍高于小写字母,a和o、a和cl、d和cl、 u和v、n和u要分清。在逗号后空出约一个字母的间隔,在句号后则空出约两个字母的间隔。 如要划去一个词,不能用括号把它括起来,因为括号中的词还是要的;而要用粗线把它涂掉,切勿把字抹黑。如要增加一个词,应加在已写的一行词上面,不要加在下面,还要用清楚的符号表明加在何处。 常见的手写字体有两种:一种是所谓草体,字母相连;另一种是所谓印刷体,字母不相连。两种字体都可用,但最好坚持用一种。
2) 标点符号使用要正确 结构完整的句子,不论长短,后面都打句号。 不要用逗号连接两个并列从句;应用逗号加连词,或用分号。 在疑问句后用问号,但在改为间接引语的问句后不用问号,例如: “Have you done your exercises?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked whether we had done our exercises. 感叹句只用在需要强调的感叹句或表示强烈感情的词语后面,不要用得太多。 直接引语应放在两个引号之间。说话人和表示“说”的动词可放在引语前面、后面或中间: She said, “I have decided to take the examination.” “I have decided to take the examination,” she said. “I have decided,” she said, “to take the examination.” 注意上面三个句子的标点符号用法。第一句中的She said后面用逗号;第二句的引语后打逗号,she是小写;第三句在decided 和she said后面都用逗号,而且引语的第二部分也用小写字母开始。总之,引语和she said被视作一个句子,只是引语的第一个词要大写。
3) 专用名词的拼写要正确。 1. 人名 2. 地名 3. 国名 4) 单词拼写要正确
5) 格式要正确(大小写、标题、书信、日记、通知等)
三.注意连接词的使用,使文章连贯而流利。
a. 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
above before me here on the left across below in the distance on the right beyond nearby opposite to over by further next to on top of up down close to beneath
under around near to along
b. 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
first, second, etc. soon eventually in the meantime then suddenly at the same time next early this year/morning after an interval now after presently later afterward somewhat later finally at last
all of a sudden at noon in the morning/afternoon/evening
c. 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
first, second, etc. but finally also another yet once such then thus
now as a result at last therefore for example for instance in addition in this case otherwise in closing
for this purpose furthermore moreover likewise next
on the contrary in summary
on the other hand in conclusion
d. 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
another equally important besides in fact similarly
furthermore too, also then in addition to
moreover
at the same time in the same way like, likewise
e. 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:
on the contrary on the other hand despite yet, but unlike not only…but also years ago…today the former…the latter the first…whereas the second
different from in contrast to in spite of whereas nevertheless here…there this…that then…now
on the one hand…on the other hand
附录一:
书信格式
一般格式
英文书信的构成可分6个部分: 信头(Heading)
收信人姓名及地址(inside Name and Address) 称呼(Salutation)
信文(Body of the letter)
结束语(Complimentary close )
署名(Signature)
(1) 信头(Heading)
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址以及日期。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字,手写均可)在信的右上角,离开信纸的顶头约1英寸,占二三行或四行均可,格式如下:
256 West Nanjing Street Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
Sep. 3rd, 2000
注意:写地址的次序与中文不同,应先写门牌号码街道,然后城市和国名。
写日期注意下列各点:
① 年份应写全,例如不能用“00”来代替“2000”。
② 月份应写英文名称,除May, June, July外,可用缩写,如:Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替,如7/4/00或7, 4, 00,因为在英国此日期代表7th April, 2000,而在美国则代表4th July, 2000。
③ 日期可用1,2,3,4…11,12…21,22…31等,也可用1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th… 11th, 21st, 22nd, 31st等。 日期的几种写法: a. July 7, 1998
b. 1st October, 1998 c. 30 Nov., 1997 d. Sep. 3rd, 1999
④ 特别注意英文书信日期应紧着写信人地址下一行,不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后,这是很多学生的常见错误。 (2) 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
写信人的地址和日期写好以后,接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址,一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写,而在给较熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行,收信人地址可分两行或三行写,和写信人的地址一样,上下可取齐,也可向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号,称号因人而异。
①对普通男子用Mr.; ②对未婚女子用Miss;
③对已婚女子用Mrs.,对婚姻状况不明确的通常用Ms.(后跟本人姓); ④对教授或博士(医生)用Prof. 或Dr.
精选范文
66 Smith Street Manchester England
27th May, 1999
Mr. Jee Green West Tenth Street Hawaii U.S.A.
(3) 称呼(Salutation)
称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼,如Dear, Mr., uncle,各种称呼因人而异。在称呼后面一般是用逗号,但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下:
① 对父母、兄弟、姐妹等: a. Dear Father, b. My dear Mother, c. Dear Sister, d. Dear Tom, ② 对亲戚:
a. My dear Auntie, b. Dear Cousin, c. My dear Cousin, ③ 对朋友、同学: a. My dear friend, b. Dear Mr. Jackson, c. My dear Mr. Jackson, ④ 对未婚女子:
a. Dear Miss Luce, b. My dear Miss Luce,
⑤ 对一般妇女,不论是否结婚: a. Ms.,
b. Dear Madame, c. Dear Ma?am ⑥ 对已婚妇女:
a. Dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, b. My dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, ⑦ 对公司、工厂、学校等: a. Dear Sirs, 或Dear Sir,
b. Sirs, 或 Sir, (my respectful sir)
c. Gentlemen, (不能使用Dear Gentlemen) (4) 信文(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主体部分,也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐,也有往后退四个或八个字的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。 开头语
① 相当于中文的“敬启者”。 a. I beg to inform you that …
b. I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that … c. I have the honor to address you that … d. I write in a hurry to inform you that … e. I have the pleasure to tell you that …
f. I?m very much delighted to inform you that … ② 相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信,一切知悉”。 a. I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th … b. Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c. It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 20th. d. In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that … e. I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f. Words can?t express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning. g. Your letter dated May 20th has been received 结尾语
采用三种方法:
① 采用分词短语,句末用逗号,不用句号,例如: