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学 位 论 文
板式家具抽屉生产线数控专用加工设备设计与
研究
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摘要
随着人们物质生活水平的不断提高，对于抽屉产品的需求主要包括实木抽屉和人造板材抽屉。但是实木家具加工成本相对较高，不能满足大众客户的需求，其市场需求的批量化进程缓慢。相反，在我国板式家具加工技术的迅速发展和加工精度的不断提高的带动下，其板式家具产品的品质不断改善，已经越来越受到千家万户的青睐。
本套板式家具抽屉产品加工生产线采用三台数控加工机床，本文针对其中一台专用加工设备进行详细论述，这台专用加工设备采用的是多主轴、多刀架、多工序的复合加工技术，当待加工件通过可移动式对中定位夹紧机构夹紧后，可实现某些工序同时加工，不仅提高了产品的加工效率，还提高了产品加工精度，一次性装夹完成多道工序的加工，极大的减少了因多次装夹带来的装夹误差、重复定位误差、多次对刀误差。
根据我国板式家具抽屉结构尺寸标准化、系列化的特点和批量生产的情况，采用相对优化的工艺路线来确定抽屉生产线的组成部分。并且在每个组成部分中合理的安排数控板式家具抽屉生产线的加工工序，每个工序多以数控机床加工为主。采用抽屉板料专用加工设备保证每块板料加工位置之间的相对误差较小，同时减小了累积加工误差，也加大了抽屉整体装配精度。在满足角部结合性能和强度的前提下，板式家具抽屉板件间连接宜采用三合一连接件，由其涨栓、螺栓、偏心件三部分组成。专用数控抽屉加工生产设备是采用多种孔的钻削或铣削工序相结合的数控复合加工机床，同时还要借鉴先进制造技术的应用，尽量提高专用设备的自动化程度，减少工人的劳动强度，提高整套生产线的效率。
数控复合加工机床是实现多工序在一台机器上加工，其并非是加工工序的简单堆积，而是在优化已有的传统工艺工序过程和机床结构配置的基础上创新发展出来的。本生产线中的数控专用加工设备是多工序在一台机床上加工的复合机床。
本文在最后论述了生产线中的数控专用加工设备的结构组成，并通过Pro/E仿真动画模拟了抽屉产品的加工过程，通过仿真视频文件的播放，检查抽屉专用加工设备的各个零部件间是否干涉。
关键词 板式家具；抽屉；生产线；数控；专用加工设备
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Abstract Abstract
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the material requirement of the drawer productions is mainly consist of solid wood and artificial panel. However, the cost of solid wood furniture manufacturing is relatively high, which can neither meet the demands of most public customers, and the mass process of its market demand is slow. Oppositely, with the rapid development of the panel furniture processing technology and the improvement of processing accuracy, the quality of the panel furniture has been improved constantly and wins most users’ favor.
This set of panel furniture drawer production line has three CNC machine tools. In this paper, one of the special processing equipment is discussed in detail. It is based on the multi-spindle, multi-turret, multi-operation composite processing technology. Some processes can be realized at the same time in the processing after the parts to be processed through the movable center position fastening device, both improving the processing efficiency of products and the accuracy. It can accomplish a number of processes with one-time fixture, reducing the inaccuracy brought by the repeatedly clamping, positioning and tool setting.
According to the characteristics of the drawer with size standardization, serialization, and mass production in China's panel furniture industry, the relative optimized process route has been adopted to determine the components of the whole drawer production line. Manufacturing procedures have been arranged reasonably in each component of the CNC drawer production line and mainly use the CNC machine in each process. Using the sheet metal drawer with dedicated processing equipment to ensure that the relative errors between the processing position of the sheet is small. It reduced the accumulation of the processing errors, and also increased the whole assembly precision of the drawer. In the premise of meeting the corner’s strength and the bonding properties, triple connector should be adopted between the plates of the panel furniture drawer which composed by suppository, bolt, and eccentric pieces. A dedicated processing line of the CNC drawer should have been designed combining many processes such as drilling, milling and so on, taking the application of the advanced manufacturing technology for reference at the same time, in order to maximize the degree of automation of the specialized equipment, reduce the labor intensity and improve the efficiency of the whole production line.
CNC machine tool is a multi process machine processing. It’s not just a simple accumulation of the processes, but an innovation development by optimizing the existing traditional process and machine configurations. The equipment in this production line is a complex and multi-process machine working on a single machine tool.
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Finally, this article discusses the compositions of the CNC special processing equipment in the production line, using Pro / E to simulate the animation of the drawer’s processing and to check that whether there is interference among the parts and components or not through the video simulation.
Keywords：Panel Furniture；Drawer；Production Line；CNC；Special processing equipment
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