hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks 议而反复交流的过程。 它包括说服和妥 协。
但是为了去进行说服和妥协，谈判者必须懂得在谈判的文化purpose and
中怎样说服人和怎样达成 妥协。 在国外的国际商务谈判中，direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated
into
美国人被视为富有和不带个人情感。
theories.
在外国谈判者看来， 似乎美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百
科学理论
万资财的大企业，不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起 价钱。
美国谈判者的角色变成了一个没有个人感情的信息及现金的在科学中，理论是对所观察到的相关事件的合理解释。 理论供应者。 对在国外的美 通常包含一个虚构的模型， 国谈判者的研究中，我们找出了损害谈判者能力的几个特点，这个模型帮助科学家构想所观察到的事件是如何发生的。 或许证实这个已成定式的看法。 尤其引起跨文化误解的两个分子运动理论便是我们能找到的 一个很好的例子。 特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。 在这个理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不断运动的小颗粒组成。 此外，美国谈判者 经常坚持实现短期目标，而外国的谈判者一个有用 的理论，除了能够解释过去的观测，还有助于预测会珍视建立谈判者之间的联系并愿意为长期利益投 入时间。 那些未被观测到的事件。 一个理论公开
为了巩固这种联系，他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较投入后，科学家们设计实验来检验这个理论。 如果观察证实了用于了解对方的时间。 明显地，价值观的不同和理解上的差科学家的预言，这个理论则得到 了验证。 如果观察不能证异影响了谈判的结果和谈判者的成功与否。 实科学家的预言，科学家就必须进一步的研究。 美国人要 在国际商务谈判中扮演更为有效的角色，他们就必或许是实验存在 错误，或许是这个理论必须被修改或抛弃。 须投入更多的努力提高跨文化的理解力。 科学家除了收集信息和操作实验外还需要想象 能力和创/造>27 Scientific Theories
性思维。 事实本身并不是科学。
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed
正如数学家乔斯〃亨利〃波恩克尔所说：\科 学建立在事实
events that
are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that 之上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。 但事实的收集不能被称作
科学，就像一堆砖 不能被叫作房子一样。 helps
scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. \多数科学家通过找出别的科学家在一个特定问题上的所知A good 来开始研 究。在收集了已知事实之后，科学家开始了研究中example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which 需要相当想像力的部分。 他们尔后拟订 gases 对这个问题的可行的解决方法。这些可行的解决方式被称为are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in
假设。 在某种意义上，任何假
constant
设都是向未知的跳跃。它使科学家的思维超越已知事实。科motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps 学家计划实验、计算、观测以检 验假定。若没有假设，进一
步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。 to
predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a 当假设被证实了，就成为理论的 一部分。 theory has been >28 Changing Roles of Public Education publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If One of the most important social developments that helped to observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is make
supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, thepossible a shift in thinking about the role of public education scientists was the
must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or effect of the baby boom of the 1950's and the theory 1960's on the schools. In the 1920's, but especially in the may have to be revised or rejected. Depression
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as conditions of the 1930's, the United States experienced a collecting declining birth information and performing experiments. Facts by rate -- every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave themselves are not birth to about
science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said,\118 live children in 1920，89.2 in 1930，75.8 in 1936, and 80 in is built 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of World War and facts the economic boom that followed it young people married cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks and established can be called households earlier and began to raise larger families than hada house.\Most scientists start an investigation by finding out their what other predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known per thousand facts have in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation was probably that the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the for the problem are baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. also helps
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began the streaming into scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist the first grade by the mid 1940's and became a flood by 1950. plans The public
experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number test of
schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, >29 Telecommuting these same Telecommuting -- substituting the computer for the trip to the conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the job -- has flood. The been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to wartime economy meant that few new schools were built office work. between 1940 and For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that wasted in followed, large traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs telecommuting elsewhere helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and in the economy. absenteeism
Therefore in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for antiquated and high-concentration
inadequate school system. Consequently, the \tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. rhetoric\ In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense that is, keeping Washington, local youths aged governments are encouraging companies to start sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in telecommuting programs in school could order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.
no longer be a high priority for an institution unable But these benefits do not come easily. Making a to find space telecommuting program
and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen. With work requires careful planning and an understanding of the the baby differences
boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in between telecommuting realities and popular images. education Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basiclife as a academic telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in City moves to the offering tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths. office via 公共教育的角色变化 一项重要的、有可能促使人们对公共教computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week
and works at 育的角色的看法发生转变的社会发展是本世纪五
六十年代的生育高峰对学校的影响。 在 20 年代，尤其是home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her
sick child;
在 30 年代后的大萧条中，美国经 历了一次出生率的下降
she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office
--1920 年每千名年龄在 15
work between
岁至 45 岁的妇女生下大约 118 个存活婴儿， calls to the doctor.
1930 年 89.2 个，1936 年 75.8 个，1940 年 80 个。 随These are powerful images, but they are a limited 着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来 reflection of
almost 的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人更早地结婚成家，reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is
impossible to 而且比前辈养育更大的家庭。
1946 年出生率上升到 102%，1950 年达 106%，1955 年达 concentrate on work and care for a young child
at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot
118%。 对于生育高峰，经济有可
recognize,
能是最重要的决定因素，但它并不是唯一的解释。 不断受much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work 到重视的家庭观念也有助于解释 出生率的上升。 到 40 and family. 年代中期为止，这些生育高峰出生的孩子们开始源源不断地Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get 进入小学 一年级。 到了 1950 年，就形成了一股洪流。 公any work
done. 共教育系统突然感到不堪重负了。
由于战 时和战后的状况，使得学龄儿童人数增加，这些状况Management too must separate the myth from the reality. 使得学校面对这股洪流更加措手不及。 战时经济意味着在 Although the media
has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in
1940 年到 1950
most cases
年间几乎没有建立新学校。 而且，在战时和随后的经济 增it is the employee's situation, not the availability of 长时期，大量的教师离开岗位去别处从事报酬更为优厚的工technology 作。 因此，在五六十年代， that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.
生育高峰冲击着陈旧而不完备的学校体系。 这样一来，30 That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the 年代以及 40 年代早期，\监护理 论\就不再有意义了。 也number of
companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines 就是说，通过使 16
岁以上的年轻人留在学校不进入劳动力市场的 做法再也不remains small.
电子交通
是教育机构的优先考虑了。 因为教育机构不再能找到场地
电子交通--用电脑取代上班的往返--作为对各种各样的办公
和教师来教育那些更 小的 5-16
室工作问题的解决办法已受 到了欢迎。
岁的孩子。 随着生育高峰，教育者和圈外人士对教育的兴
对工作者来说，它承诺不受办公室的约束，更少的时间浪费
趣和焦点，不可避免地 转向了更低的年级和基础的学术技能
在交通上和有助于 解决照看小孩的矛盾。
和学科上。
这个系统不再有浓厚的兴趣给较年长的年 轻人提供非传统对管理者来说，电子交通有助于挽留高效率的工作者，通过
省去办 公室与家之间的来回往返，大大减少工作拖拉和旷
的新式的和额外的服务。
工，给予管理者独处的时间来完成需要高
度集中精神的任务，为管理者提供灵活的时间安排。 在一on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside
the city of 些地区，如南加利福尼亚和西雅
图、华盛顿，地方政府鼓励公司开始电子交通计划以减少交Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market
center. When
通高峰时的塞车和提高空气质量。 但这些益处也来之不易。
he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to
要使电子交通成功需要仔细的计划并且理解电子交通的现实
market, he
状况 和流行的想象之间的区别。 许多工作者被电子交通的found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in 美好幻想所迷惑。 一位电脑程序设计 the tubs of
员从纽约市搬到了宁静的阿第伦达克山，用电脑保持与她办his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh
and hard 公室之间的联系。 一位经理一
周三天到办公室，其他两天在家工作；一位会计师在家照顾in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, more 她生病的孩子，接通电话调制解 调器的接头，在同医生通话explained, was
that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at
之余完成办公室工作。
night in order to
这些是很有震撼力的情景，但也是对现 实有限的反映。 电keep their produce cool. 子交通者很快发现在同一时间专注工作和照看小孩几乎是不冰箱的由来 可能的。 在 直到 19 世纪中期，\冰箱\这个名词才进入了美国语言，但某个年龄之前，小孩子不可能意识到，更不可能尊重工作与冰仅仅只是开始影响美国普 通市民的饮食。 冰的买卖随着家庭之间的界限。 如果家长要 完成工作，就必须另外照看城市的发展而发展。 小孩。 管理阶层必须把现实同神话分开。 冰被用在旅馆、酒馆、医院以及被一些 有眼光的城市商人用虽然传媒对电子交通 投入了极大的关注，但在很大程度上，于肉、鱼和黄油的保鲜。 内战(1861-1865)之后，冰被用于是员工的实际情况而不是技术的可能性促成电子交通 的安冷藏货车， 同时也进入了民用。 排。 甚至在 1880 年前，半数在纽约、费城和巴尔的摩销售的冰，这就是为什么尽管有广泛的报导，具有在家工作项目或行动三分之一 纲领的公司数目依然 很少的部分原因。 在波士顿和芝加哥销售的冰进入家庭使用，因为一种新的家 庭设备，冰箱，即现代冰箱的前 身，被发明了。 制造一台>30 The Origin of Refrigerators
有效率的冰箱不像我们想象的那么简单。
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term\
19 世纪早期，关于对 冷藏科学至关重要的热物理知识是很American
language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of 浅陋的。 认为最好的冰箱应该防止冰的融化这样一个
普遍的观点显然是错误的，因为正是冰的融化起了制冷作用。 ordinary
citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth 早期为节省冰的努力，包括 用毯子把冰包起来，使得冰不能of 发挥它的作用。 直到近 19
cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by 世纪末，发明家们才成功地找到 有效率的冰箱所需要的精确some 的隔热和循环的精确平衡。 但早在 1803 年，一位有发明天forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat,
才的
fresh fish, and
马里兰农场主，托马斯〃莫尔，找到了正确方法。 他拥有butter. After the Civil War
(1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also 一个农场，离华盛顿约 20 英里， 那里的乔治镇村庄是集市
中心。 came into
household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, 当他用自己设计的冰箱运送黄油去市场时，他发现顾客们 会Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in 走过装在竞争者桶里那些迅速融化的黄油而给他比市价更高Boston and 的价格买他仍然新鲜坚硬，整 Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become
齐地切成一磅一块的黄油。 莫尔说他的冰箱的一个好处是
possible
使得农民们不必在夜里上路去市 场以保持他们产品的低温。
because a new household convenience, the icebox, a
>31 British Columbia precursor of the
British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now both in area
and population. It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, suppose. In the
early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, and extends
800 miles (1,280km) north from the United States border. It which was
essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The includes
Canada's entire west coast and the islands just off the coast. commonsense
notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged
ranges running from melting was
of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a
mountain performed the
cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age,
this wrapping the
range wasscoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. ice in blankets, which kept
the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the Its
peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast. nineteenth
century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine
climate. Sea insulation and
winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas current of warm
water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter Moore, had been
temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. not only for These warm food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, western winds also carry moisture from the ocean. shelter, and
Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the mountain jungles of the barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many they rise to properties of
cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is begins to probably not even
fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches recognized as a special branch of \(500cm) of Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther rain fall each year. away we move
More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our mountain slopes knowledge of
that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 amazing amount of feet (90m) botanicalknowledge, and few people will fail to tall, with diameters up to 10 feet (3m). More lumber is produced recognize a rose, from these an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. in the Middle Hemlock, red East about 10, 000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British could be Columbia. harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next
season the 英属哥伦比亚
英属哥伦比亚是加拿大的第三大省，无论是面积还是人口都first great step in a new association of plants and humans was
taken. 是如此。 它几乎是德克萨 斯的 1.5 倍，从美国边境一直向
Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of
北延伸了 800 英里(1，280
agriculture:
公里)。 它包括了加拿大整个西 海岸及附近岛屿。 大部cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take 分英属哥伦比亚多山峦。 绵长而粗犷的山脉贯通南北。 甚their living 至那些 from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than 沿海的岛屿都是那些存在于千万年前的山脉的遗迹。 在上getting a
一个冰河时期，这些山脉被冰河 冲刷侵蚀，直到大部分山脉little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild -
and the 被淹没在海中。
它们的峰顶显现为沿着海岸散布的岛屿。 西南 海岸地区有accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of
experience and
着潮湿温和的海洋性气候。 从太平洋来的温暖的洋流使得
intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
从西吹过内陆的海风 变得温暖。
植物学
因此这儿冬天平均气温在零上而且夏天也不会酷热。 这些温
植物学，即对植物的研究，在人类知识的历史中占据了特殊
暖的西风同样也从 海洋带来了湿气。
的地位。 这是人类几千年 来超越模糊的认知而真正有所了
来自太平洋的、从海岸向内陆的风遇到海岸山脉和落基山脉
解的领域之一。
这些山脉屏 障。 当气流升高跨越这些山脉时，风的温度就
我们今天不可能知道新石器时代的祖先们 对植物到底了解
降低了，风中的水分形成降雨。 在一些朝西
多少，但我们在至今仍存在的前工业化社会观察到：人类对
山坡区域每年大约有 200 英寸(500 厘米)的降水。 大部分
植物及其特性的 详细了解应该是非常古老的。
英属哥伦比亚密布着森林。 在有 充足降水的斜坡，巨大的
这是理所当然的。 植物是其他生物甚至其他植物食物金字塔
道格拉斯枞树高耸入云。
的基础。 它们对人们的生活至关重要，不仅在食物上，而
这些森林巨人常常长到高达 300 英尺(90 米)，直径粗达 10
且在衣物、武器、工具、染料、
英尺(3 米)。 这些树产出了比北美其他任何树都多的木材。
药物、住所和许许多多其他的用途上。 至今仍生活在亚马
铁杉、红香
逊河丛林中的部落确实能够辨识 几百种植物并知道每一种
椿、香脂冷杉枞都是发现于英属哥伦比亚的其它树种。
的许多特性。
>32 Botany
对他们来说，植物学没有专门的名称，甚至可能根 本未被认
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the
为是一种专门知识。 不幸的是，工业化的程度越高，我们history of
human knowledge. For many thousands of years it 距直接与植物接触就越
远，我们的植物学知识的增加也就越微不足道。 然而每个was the one
field of awareness about which humans had anything 人在不知不觉中拥有大量的植物 学知识，很少有人认不出玫more than the 瑰、苹果或兰花。
vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what 大约一万年前居住在中东的新时代的祖先们 发现某些草能our Stone Age 被收获，它们的种子下一季耕种会收获更多时，人类就迈出ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of
了人和植物之间的 新关系第一大步。 preindustrial
societies that still exist a detailed learning of plants and their 谷子被发现后，农业的奇迹从此诞生：这就是可栽培的谷物。
properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. 从那时起， 人类越来越依赖少数可控制的作物生存，而不再
是从众多的野生种类中这里获取一点，那里 Plants are the
basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other 获取一点。 这样在千万年中对于野生植物的经验和密切联plants. They 系中积累起来的知识就开始消失 了。 have always been enormously important to the welfare of people
>33 Plankton 吞食 1 吨多的鳞虾一点也不让人 吃惊。 Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of >34 Raising Oysters small In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and farmers raised animals are tomatoes - by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with oyster the bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris, then currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. scattered Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses clean shells about. Next, they \that grow on which the dry land continents, and the comparison is an within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted appropriate one. In until
potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There land they
grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or world spat. The spat produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each grew larger by drawing in seawater from which theyderived year, the microscopic sea's plankton generates more than twice as much. particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby Despite its enormous food potential, little effect was made until oysters, recently transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine then scientists have at transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea's them up. resources Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding farmed were world more than enough to satisfy people's needs. population. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in No one yet has seriously suggested that \may abundance. The soon become problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have popular around the world. As a possible farmed vanished supplementary food entirely.
source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists among marine realized scientists. that if new measures were not taken, oysters would One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest become extinct or possibilities is a at best a luxury food. So they set up tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three well-equipped hatcheries and inches long, went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or krill provide the major food for the great blue whale, the largest the skill to animal handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and howto feed ever inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to the larvae. 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising And they knew little about the predators that attack and eat baby that each one oysters devours more than one ton of krill daily. by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly kept at it. Finally, 浮游生物 数十亿吨的被称为\浮游生物\的小动物、植物散in the
布在世界的海洋中。 这些小 的动、植物大多太小而难以被1940's a significant breakthrough was made.
The marine biologists discovered that by raising the 人眼看到。
它们随波逐流，为许多较大的动物提供了基本的 食物。 浮temperature of the
water, they could induce oysters to spawn not only in the
游生物曾被描述为生长在大陆陆地上的各种草类的海洋对应
summer but also
物。 这种比喻是恰当 in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique 的。 然而就潜在的食物价值而言，浮游生物远胜于草类。 for 一位科学家曾经估计，世界上的 草类每年生产大约 490 feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still 亿吨有用的碳水化合物，而海洋里的浮游生物每年生产的碳further, they
水化合物 多于此数的两倍。 尽管浮游生物具备巨大的食物succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases,
grew 潜能，但直到最近人们还很少象种植草类
那样付出努力养殖浮游生物。 现在，海洋科学家们至少已开faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities
and
始研究这种可能性。 全球人口 不断扩张，海洋资源作为食
temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!
品的重要性日益突出。
饲养牡蛎
现在还没有人认真说过\浮游生物汉堡\会很快在世界上流
过去人们饲养牡蛎的方式很大程度上类似于田地里的农夫种
行起来。 然而，作为一种可能养殖的补充性食物资源，浮
植蕃茄--通过移植来饲养 它们。
游生物正引起 了海洋科学家们相当大的兴趣。
首先，农夫选好牡蛎苗床，清除底部的旧壳和其它杂物，然
一种似乎具有很大收获可能性的微小的虾状浮游生物被称
后四处撒播干净的壳。 接 着，他们\栽种\已受精的牡蛎卵。
为鳞虾。 鳞虾长至 2～3 英寸长时即成为地球上曾居住过的
这些卵在 2～3 周内会孵化成幼贝。
最大动物--蓝鲸的主要食物。 成
幼贝一直漂流直到 粘在苗床底部干净的壳上为止。 它们会
熟的蓝鲸可以达到 100 英尺长，150 吨重，所以每头鲸每天