your head. The thing that made a difference delivering papers ― things
being thorough, punctual, doing your best also count on the movie set. And I still have to woken up at the crack of dawn.
wake
Passage Eleven
Jimmy Lee was executed in Parchment, Miss. He was a murder. In Mississippi, killers are executed by strapping them murderer into a chair and dropped cyanide crystals into a pan of water. dropping This is supposed to do the job quickly and with a maximum
minimum
of suffering. However, this was not the case of Jimmy Lee. He with moaned and convulsed and thrashed about (everywhere) for several everywhere minutes before his end came. His lawyer was upset by the way Jimmy Lee died, and also were many of the kindly souls who so opposed the death penalty in any form. But they’ve overlooked
something unusually about Jimmy Lee's death. And that is the fact unusual that this is one of those rare times ∧a killer got exactly what he gave. 8. when
He was executed for the crime of smothering a 3-year-old girl. It can that be assumed ∧the little girl also gasped ∧breath and suffered when she
for
was deprived of air. The difference is that she did nothing to deserve
her suffering and death.
Passage Twelve
The dominance of black athletes to professional basketball is over beyond dispute. Two-thirds of the players are black, and the number
would be greater was it not for the continuing practice of picking white were bench warmers for the sake of balance. Over the last two decades, no less than three players have been among the ten starting players on more
∧National Basket-ball Association’s All-Star Team, and in the last
the quarter of this century, only two white players have ever been chosen as the NBA’s Most Valuable Player. (But) this dominance reflects a But natural inheritance: basketball is a pastime of the urbane poor. urban The current generation of black athletes are heirs of a tradition to
more than half a century old. In a neighborhood (where) without
9. 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. where
the money for bats, gloves, hockey sticks and icing skates, basketball 9. ice
is an eminent accessible sport. “Once it was the game of the Irish and
10. eminently Italian Catholics in Rockaway,” writes David Wolf in his book. Foul! “It was recreation, status and a way out.”
Passage Thirteen
Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the world’s
average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historic data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. historical
They suspect that volcanoes effect weather changes that are similar with air pollution. to
One source of information is the affect of the eruption of
effect
Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, in April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads world- wide in a few days and remain in the air for years. Its effect is to turn 4. remains
incoming solar radiation into space and however cool the earth. For thus
example, records of weather in England show between April and November 1815, the average temperature has fallen 4. 5 F. During had
the next 24 months, England suffered one of the cold periods of its
coldest
history. Farmer's records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between reason and effect, by the time the world agricultural cause
commodity community has deteriorated, no one realized the cause.
Ecologists today warn that we face (with) a twofold menace.
9. with
The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mt, St. Helens in Washington, added to man’s pollution of the
atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasing colder weather.
10. increasingly
Passage Fourteen
Henry Fielding, the famous novelist who was also a London
magistrate, once made a night raid to two known hideouts in this on city-within-a-city; he found seven men, women, and children packed away in a few tiny stinking rooms. All of these people, included little
2. including
children of five and six who were trained as pick-pockets, were wanted for crime.
Conditions like these bred more criminals. One of the typical
cases was that ∧Jack Shepard, whose execution in 1724 was watched of by two hundred thousand people. Shepard, the son of honest working
1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.
8. 1. 3.
people, was an apprentice in a respectful trade. He ran away from it respectable because he fancied that he had been ill-treated, and soon found it (was) was
easy to make more money by thieving as his father had done by a
6. than lifetime of honest work.
In Shepard’s day highwaymen committed robberies at broad in
daylight, in sight of a crowd, and. rode solemnly and triumphantly through the town with danger of molestation. If they were chased, without
twenty or thirty armed men were ready to come to their assistance. Murder was a everyday affair, and there were many people who 9. an made heroes from the murderers.
of Passage Fifteen
No two people have the same orientation to work because that
of unique backgrounds and experiences. Such differences, as we noted earlier, are relevant to the shape of values and attitudes. While very shaping little systematic inquiry has been made into the role of cultural,
economics, and political factors as related to job satisfaction, some economic
evidence suggests that this class of variables is relevant. For example, it was found that characteristics of the communities ∧which workers
in
reside must be considered to understand job satisfaction, based on data obtained from 1300 blue-collar workers employed in 21 plants in the eastern United States. The urban or rural location of the plant
were used as an index of expected alienation from middle-class values was
such as accomplishment and upward mobility. The investigators found that nobody of the workers in rural locations were alienated none from middle-class values, whereas who in urban locations were. 7. those
One explanation (was) advanced is that the workers in small towns
was
are more likely influenced by middle-class, Protestant norms and
values. Children are taught these values in school and attempt to reach goals defined in terms of these values by means of behavior inconsistent consistent with these values. Children raised in urban areas are less likely to be
Anglo-Saxon or Protestant and less responsible or sympathetic to such
responsive
a value system-Criticism from peer groups and negative reinforcement tends to destroy behavior and beliefs consistent with middle-class ideals.
Passage Sixteen
People often dream of living in a perfect place where no one
would be poor, and everyone would be considerable of everyone else.
4. 5.
7.
8.
10. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
8.
9. 10.
1.
considerate Such a place, however, is very good to be true: such a place is nowhere, too and that’s what the word “utopic” means. It is made up ∧two Greek words
of meaning “not a place”. The word was first used by Thomas More,
a sixteen century English writer whose book Utopia, published in sixteenth 1516, describing a perfect island country. More’s idea for tale came
described from Plato. Plato’s The Republic described what would be a perfect state. Early legends told ∧ a perfect place existing somewhere in about ∧Atlantic. These legends were no longer believed when the explorations the of Americas began, but after More’s time they became common for it writers to imagine these places. Utopia, if (is) effected, would not is
suddenly make everything perfect because people are of nature imperfect.
by Passage Seventeen
One of the greatest problems for these settlers in Nebraska in
the last quarter of the previous century was fuel. Few of the state was 1. Little
forested when the first settlers arrived and it is probable that by 1880,
only about one-third of the original forested area remained, down to originally a mere 1 percent of the stated 77,000 square miles. With wood and coal
out of ∧ question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the the harsh winters months for heating, some solution had to be found. winter
Somewhat improbable, the buffalo provided the answer. Buffalo
improbably chips were found to burn evenly, hot, and cleanly with little smoke and, hotly
interestingly, no odor. Soon, collecting it became a way of life for the 7. them
settlers’ children, ∧would pick them up on their way to and from school,
who or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance. Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl ∧wanted to marry, would he arrive with a large bag of chip rather than with a box of candy or a
chips
bunch of flowers.
PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 1
In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior than to anything else on the seas that it was dubbed \
So
sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3, 500 passengers.
Many passengers were aboard the night. They rammed an iceberg, It
only two days by sea and more than half way between England at and the New York destination. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was possible to avoid the ghostly looking impossible iceberg. An unextinguished fire also contributed to the ship's submersion. Panic was increased the number of casualties as / people jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board on the lifeboats. Four hours after the mishap, /
another ship, ∧ Cartathia, rescued the survivors — less than
the a third of those originally aboard.
The infamous Titanic enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its second voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12, 000 feet first of water near the coast of Newfoundland, while it lies today.
10. where
Passage 2
Something has been happening to the concept of \ either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, both this concept operated under common understood restrictions. commonly It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; ∧ a certain
to aspect of literature in general — the element of plot, action, or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, 4. as scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained a containing
large element of invention. But, recently, the concept of \has undergone an extension. Though still used to refer to the expansion action or plot of literary work, it has come to be applied to works
something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being
/
embodied in the action or plot. It is not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the \ conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter. Gone a step further, critics now sometimes Going
suggest, by a kind of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that \
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9.
1. 2. 3.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.