because and \
Passage 3
The degree with which American parents are involved in their to children's schools is often surprising to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations made up of both parents and teachers (usually called P. T. A. from the initials of the \Teacher Association\
and confer on various matters pertaining ∧ the school — curriculum, 2. to budgets, faculties, salaries, liberty facilities, or whatever it may be. 3. faculty Mothers often volunteer to help with classroom or after-school
activities. They sometimes make costumes for plays or play the piano or assist a teacher on a class field trip. Some of them give regular time, under the teacher's supervision, in working with tutor children 4. tutoring in the classroom.
In good schools a real effort is made to have both the home and the school work together for the child's well-being. You will generally find teachers being eager to talk with you about any problems you 5. / may have concerning your child — although the larger the school (understandably), the less likely this is to happen. What size permits, 6. Where
there are often parent conferences, scheduled appointments so that parents can meet privately with one or more of their child's teachers to discuss his particular problems or progress. You will have sent 7. be
notices of meetings or programs with which you are invited. Do try 8. to to go to as many as you can.
Both mothers and fathers are expected to attend such meetings and to show their interest in the school. You may be invited to a \ Day,\ 9. where
This is enlightening and enjoyable for most parents.
School activities provide a good way to meet your neighbors and to make friends in the community. Since Americans enjoy meeting people from other countries, you will probably find your national background a help more than a handicap in getting acquainted. 10. rather
This is true even if you are having trouble with the language.
Passage 4
Classic Intention Movement
In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is
“the chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. 1. must
His urge to go is held in check by his desire not ∧ be rude to his guest. 2. to If he did not care of his guest's feelings he would simply get up out 3. for /about of his chair and to announce his departure. Tills is what his body
1.
4. /
wants to do, therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair 5. but / yet and refuses to let him raise. It is at this point that he performs the
6. rise
chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as ∧ about to push himself upwards, This is the first act he would 7. if / though make if he were rising. If he were not hesitating, it would only last 8. take a fraction of the second. He would lean, push, rise, and be up. But 9. a
now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his \ post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the
10. posture get-ready moment.
Passage 5
The hunter-gather tribes that today live as our prehistoric human 1. like
ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal
supplemented foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gathers, including the Kung of southern Africa , revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing , and only one-six are
primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gather’s
3. or calories from plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food
scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more
productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in 4. on average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produce 240. 5. while Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet,
6. / and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old
ages despite of the absence of medical care. They experience no obesity, 7. /
and no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, no
heart disease, and their blood cholesterol levels are very low (about half∧of 8. that
the average American adult). If no one is suggesting that we return to 9. While an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for ∧ healthier diet.
10. a
2.