基于ANSYS的非圆斜齿轮啮合热特性分析
摘 要
本课题是设计型课题，设计的主要内容是基于ANSYS非圆斜齿轮啮合热特性分析。针对非圆斜齿轮特征及相关参数，在UG软件中准确建立三维模型，并将建立的模型导入ANSYS分析软件中分析研究其啮合的热力学特征.传动齿轮在工作过程中受到周期性载荷力的作用，有可能在标定转速内发生强烈的共振，动应力急剧增加，致使齿轮过早出现扭转疲劳和弯曲疲劳。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对齿轮齿根应力和齿轮接触进行分析计算,得出两个大小齿轮的接触温度分布云图。计算结果准确直观，为非圆斜齿轮接触热分析和强度校核提供了快速有效的方法。在应用大型有限元ANSYS分析软件时，重点关注齿轮啮合出受载变形，重合度变化，传动比变化。本文介绍了ANSYS接触分析方法，对其中遇到的接触问题进行探讨，对在计算过程中可能影响收敛的因素：处理界面约束的方法、摩擦模型、接触强度、初始接触条件的选择和模拟提出建议，通过算例说明了有限元分析在齿轮接触问题上的有效性。为其他类型接触问题的分析提供了参考。
关键词：非圆斜齿轮；ANSYS；有限元分析；接触对；热特性
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代小龙：基于ANSYS非圆斜齿轮啮合热特性分析
Heat Analysis of Non-Circular Helical Gear Teeth Based on ANSYS
Abstract
This topic is type design topic, the design of the main content is based on ANSYS non-circular gear meshing thermal characteristic analysis inclined. According to the characteristics of the helical gear round and related parameters, in UG software to establish correct 3 d model, and will build the model into ANSYS analysis software analysis to study the characteristics of the meshing thermodynamics. Driving gear in the process of work by periodic load of forces, may have occurred within the strong calibration speed resonance, dynamic stress increase sharply, cause premature fatigue and reverse gear bending fatigue. By using the finite element analysis software ANSYS gear tooth root stress and gear contact analysis calculated, two size of gear contact temperature distribution in the cloud. The calculated results are accurate, intuitive, and for the round the helical gear contact thermal analysis and strength check provides a rapid and effective method. In the application of finite element analysis software ANSYS large, focus on the gear engagement by the deformation, change the coincidence degree, transmission ratio change. This paper introduces the analysis method of ANSYS contact, and on one of them to meet the contact, the article discusses the calculation process of may affect the convergence of factors: deal with the method of interface restriction, friction model, the contact strength, initial contact conditions of the selection and simulation recommendation, a numerical example is given to illustrate the finite element analysis of the problems in gear contact on effectiveness. For other types of contact problem analysis provides reference.
Keywords：Non-Circular Helical；ANSYS；Finite Element；Contact Pair；Heat character
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安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）
目 录
引 言 .................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 第1章 概述 ........................................................................................................................ - 2 - 1.1 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................. - 2 - 1.2 本文研究主要内容 ......................................................................................................... - 2 - 1.3本文研究意义 .................................................................................................................. - 3 - 第2章 有限元法与ANSYS .............................................................................................. - 4 - 2.1 有限元分析方法概述 ..................................................................................................... - 4 - 2.2 有限元分析的基本思想 ................................................................................................. - 4 - 2.3 ANSYS的主要功能 ..................................................................................................... - 5 - 第3章 UG圆柱斜齿轮实体建模 ..................................................................................... - 6 - 3.1 三维建模软件的选择 ..................................................................................................... - 6 - 3.2 直齿轮参数化建模 ......................................................................................................... - 6 - 3.3 斜齿轮参数化建模与装配 ............................................................................................. - 8 - 第4章 ANSYS圆柱斜齿轮热分析 ................................................................................ - 10 - 4.1圆斜齿轮导入ANSYS界面 ............................................ - 10 - 4.2.定义工作文件和题目 .................................................................................................... - 10 - 4.3定义单元类型 ................................................................................................................ - 11 - 4.4定义材料属性 ................................................................................................................ - 11 - 4.5划分有限元网格 ............................................................................................................ - 14 - 4.6创建接触对 .................................................................................................................... - 15 - 4.7设置载荷步并稳态求解 ................................................................................................ - 17 - 4.8评价节点结果 ................................................................................................................ - 19 - 第5章 UG非圆斜齿轮实体建模 ..................................................................................... - 22 - 5.1非圆齿轮渐开线CAD齿廓形成 ................................................................................. - 22 - 5.2非圆直齿轮UG实体建模 ............................................................................................ - 22 - 5.3非圆斜齿轮建模与装配 ................................................................................................ - 23 - 第6章 ANSYS非圆斜齿轮热分析 .................................................................................. - 24 - 6.1非圆斜齿轮导入ANSYS界面 ........................................................................................ - 24 - 6.2定义单元类型和材料属性 ............................................................................................ - 24 - 6.3网格划分 ........................................................................................................................ - 26 - 6.4创建接触对 .................................................................................................................... - 27 - 6.5施加载荷与边界约束 .................................................................................................... - 28 - 6.6设置载荷步并稳态求解 ................................................................................................ - 31 - 6.7评价节点结果 ................................................................................................................ - 32 - 结论与展望 .......................................................................................................................... - 35 - 致 谢 .................................................................................................................................. - 37 - 参考文献 .............................................................................................................................. - 38 - 附录A 外文翻译 .............................................................................................................. - 38 - 附录B GUI圆柱斜齿轮操作步骤 .................................................................................. - 47 - 附录C GUI非圆斜齿轮操作步骤 .................................................................................. - 56 -
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代小龙：基于ANSYS非圆斜齿轮啮合热特性分析
插图清单
图3-1 齿轮轮廓渐开线参数化生成 ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 图3-2 创建齿顶圆 .................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-3 变换操作界面 .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-4 复制渐开线 .................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-5 生成齿槽轮廓线 .......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 图3-6 创建圆柱体参数界面 .................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-7 直齿轮模型建立 .......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 图3-8 螺旋线生成 .................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-9 左旋圆柱斜齿 .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图3-10 右旋圆柱斜齿轮 ........................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 图3-11 装配约束 .................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 图3-12 圆柱斜齿轮装配模型建立 ........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 图4-1 UG导出文件界面 ....................................................................................................... 10 图4-2 导入ANSYS零件修改界面 ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 图4-3 斜齿轮实体模型导入ANSYS ................................................................................... 10 图4-4 定义单元类型 .............................................................................................................. 11 图4-5 定义材料弹性模量和泊松比 ...................................................................................... 12 图4-6 定义摩擦系数 .............................................................................................................. 12 图4-7 定义材料密度 .............................................................................................................. 13 图4-8 输入导热系数 .............................................................................................................. 13 图4-9 定义比热容. ................................................................................................................. 13 图4-10 输入对流系数 ............................................................................................................ 14 图4-11 设置单元尺寸 ............................................................................................................ 14 图4-12 有限元智能网格划分 ................................................................................................ 15 图4-13 选择接触面 ................................................................................................................ 15 图4-14 选择接触面上节点 .................................................................................................... 15 图4-15 创建接触面上节点 .................................................................................................... 16 图4-16 定义接触向导 ............................................................................................................ 16 图4-17 定义接触对 ................................................................................................................ 16 图4-18 施加温度约束 ............................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 图4-19施加对流系数 ............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 图4-20 建立局部坐标系 ........................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 图4-21 施加与第一齿轮接触面上节点对流系数 ................................ 错误！未定义书签。 图4-22 设置载荷步选项卡 .................................................................................................... 19 图4-23 求解结果 .................................................................................................................... 19 图4-24 设置边缘选项卡 ........................................................................................................ 20 图4-25 温度分布云图 ............................................................................................................ 20 图4-26 Thermal gradient-X .................................................................................................... 21 图4-27 Thermal gradient-Y .................................................................................................... 21
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安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）
图4-28 Thermal Flux-X ......................................................................................................... 21 图4-29 Thermal Flux-Y ......................................................................................................... 21 图4-30 Thermal Flux-Z .......................................................................................................... 21 图4-31 Thermal Flux .............................................................................................................. 21 图5-1 CAD非圆齿廓线 ........................................................................................................ 22 图5-2 导入UG操作界面 ...................................................................................................... 23 图5-3 UG生成非圆齿轮轮廓线 ............................................................................................ 23 图5-4 UG非圆直齿轮模型建立 ........................................................................................... 23 图5-5 非圆斜齿轮 .................................................................................................................. 23 图5-6 非圆斜齿轮装配 .......................................................................................................... 23 图6-1 导入ANSYS界面非圆斜齿轮 .................................................................................. 24 图6-2 定义材料弹性模量和泊松比 ...................................................................................... 25 图6-3 设置材料密度 .............................................................................................................. 25 图6-4 输入导热系数 .............................................................................................................. 25 图6-5 输入对流系数 .............................................................................................................. 26 图6-6 有限元智能网格划分 .................................................................................................. 26 图6-7 创建节点 ...................................................................................................................... 27 图6-8 定义接触向导选项卡 .................................................................................................. 27 图6-9 创建接触对拾取选项卡 .............................................................................................. 27 图6-10 ANSYS显示接触对 ................................................................................................. 28 图6-11施加对流系数选项卡 ................................................................................................. 29 图6-12 ANSYS施加对流系数结果 ..................................................................................... 29 图6-13 在节点上施加温度载荷 ............................................................................................ 29 图6-14 创建局部坐标系 ........................................................................................................ 30 图6-15 另一齿轮面节点上施加对流系数 ............................................................................ 30 图6-16 面载荷显示结果 ........................................................................................................ 31 图6-17 间断载荷步设置 ........................................................................................................ 32 图6-18 运算结果汇总 ............................................................................................................ 32 图6-19 运算结果汇总 ............................................................................................................ 32 图6-20 温度分布云图 ............................................................................................................ 33 图6-21 Thermal gradient-X .................................................................................................... 33 图6-22 Thermal gradient-Y. ................................................................................................... 33 图6-23 Thermal gradient-Z .................................................................................................... 33 图6-24 Thermal gradient ........................................................................................................ 33 图6-25 Thermal Flux-X........................................................................................................... 34 图6-26 Thermal Flux-Y ......................................................................................................... 34 图6-27 Thermal Flux-Z .......................................................................................................... 34 图6-28 Thermal Flux-Z .......................................................................................................... 34 图6-29 热流量向量显示方式 ................................................................................................ 34
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