2012年职称英语理工类 新增文章篇目（小抄整理版）
阅读理解（6篇）
第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep-1页 第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1
*第三＋八篇 \*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇 Small But Wise
+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as \Engineers\完形填空（6篇）
第三篇 Germs on Banknotes
第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness
*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk
+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells
+第十五篇 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；
第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep. ……………………………………………………………段落省洛
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night. 练习：
1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because
B、 it has a cycle of 24 hours.
2. What is implied in the second paragraph?
C、 Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.
3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that B 、staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
C、 Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.
5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? B、 The human eye had one light-sensing system.
第十九篇
Graphene's Superstrength1
Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller
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Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up —there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over，until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，you've found graphene. 练习：
1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers? C 、Graphene.
2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?
C 、It is easy to find graphene.
3. Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4? D、 put.
4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs? A 、 Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.
5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact that
C 、It can help to make electronic components smaller.
*第三＋八篇 \（理工B级阅读理解）
Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.
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\conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,\8 possible
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non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results.\练习：
1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?
C、 They have found methane-based life on Titan. 2. What do scientists say about Titan? A 、There are life clues there.
3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does\of life\
B 、Methane-based life.
4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?
A、 Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.
5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage? D、 A different Life Form, a Possibility.
*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（理工B级阅读理解）
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the
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\as preliminary and in need
of replication with a larger sample6,\the University of Missouri7 in Columbia. 练习：
1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?
D 、Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.
2. What is implied in the third paragraph?
B 、A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.
3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt
C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt. 4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings
A 、prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' mathachievements. 5. David Geary thinks that
B、 the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.
+第四＋五篇 Small But Wise（理工A级阅读理解）
On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is
^^…………………………………………………段落省洛
cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in theinfrared spectrum they glow. 练习：
1 .What is so special about WISE?
C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word \in the third paragraph? A make.
3. The camera on WISE
C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.
4. Which of the following is NOT correct about\paragraph 7?
A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light. 5.What is implied in the last paragraph?
B 、Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.
+第四十六篇
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as \
Engineers\（理工A级阅读理解）
Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as \engineers\and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
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Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. 练习：
1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? C 、Because their activity affects the environment. 2. As predators, ants
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A 、prey on small as well as large animals. 3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants
D produce such a big impact on the environment. 4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
B 、Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?
C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given 完形填空
第三篇 Germs on Banknotes
People in different countries use different types of 1、money yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2、different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.
Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3、century , some researchers ecosystem?
began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.
Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4、 within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5、countries . Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6、gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7、because those businesses often rely on cash.
Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.
What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8、cotton .Different countries may use different 9、materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10、team such as the American dollar were made from cotton.
Others were made from polymers.
The three 11、currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.
The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12、mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13、germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14、compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.
Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15、hands after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it 注释：
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第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness
Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries． 1、 but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2、emotions The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．
\ 3、personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4、looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5、 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6、by making people
think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7、participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8、 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． 9、Finally ,the researchers had participants 10、 complete questions about their levels of loneliness．
Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11、secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．\have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．\．\then serves as a reminder of those close others．\ 12、their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13、experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14、 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15、connections with others,\Troisi says．\food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．
*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities（B级完型）
A new examination of urban policies has been 1、carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 、urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3、reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5、protect their residents.\ Cities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 、benefits ．
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8、threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health
problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10、lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11、without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.
Local governments, 12、therefore ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13、rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 、 automobile use. In fact, many
local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 、idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
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*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk（B级完型）
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1、charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2、suggest in a new study．
Statins reduce the 3 、 amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 、risk .
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5、enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6、eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．
Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7、unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8、possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9、degree as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets
as they 10、like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11、provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2、 customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13、measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5、lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．
+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells（A级完型）
A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
The researchers found a way to make an \ 1、battery ,\said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.
Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2、effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3、previously expected. 4、Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.
\and without absorption to produce charge separation,\solar cells, the 5、light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 6、source.\makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of \rectification4,\says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7、apart of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8、that in a battery.
Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9、material that does not 10、conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.
\our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11、effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,\
This new 12、technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13、converting solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells.
\manufacture 14 、modern solar cells, you have to do
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