extensive semiconductor processing,\are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15、both . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better.\
+第十五篇 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage（A级完型）
The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil
\2 that has surprised researchers with its 1、widespread severity, a new analysis shows.
\3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2、extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,\engineering4 at Oregon State University5. \and sinking into the sediments,\Ashford said. \shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3、function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.\
Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 、strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5、collapse . But most earthquakes are much 6、shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.
\ 7、how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,\was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8、recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.\
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9、phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10、before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.
\no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11、events ,\Ashford said. \construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.\
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The \those 12、deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything 13、near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14、prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15、standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
轻松词汇通
轻轻松松词汇通，稳拿满分在其中
一、解释版：
（一）必记：10大词汇选项要求掌握的单词：（03年8对8分，04年8对8分，05年8对两半10分）
（斜体部分为近两年已考）
1\\account for=explain 理解 minute=slight 细小 disorder=confusion混乱Accused of=charged with 指控investigate=look into 调查 numerous=many 许多 obvious=clear 显而易见
Odd=strange 奇怪 participate in=take part in 参加 preserve=keep 保存 previously=before以前
pull up=stop 停止 perceive=notice 注意到possess=own占有substantial=significant 实质的
2\\spur=encourage 激励 coverage=reportage报道dimly=faintly 昏暗(048)，模糊 mildly=gently 温和地
inevitable=certain 不可避免 isolate=solitary 孤立的 call of=cancel取消 make up one’s mind=decide决定
Now and then=occasionally=sometimes 有时 find fault with=criticize 批评 grasp=take hold of抓住
Consideration=account 考虑 tolerate=put up with 忍受 abandon=give up 放弃 lately=recently最近
3\\Manual=physical 人工 harness=utilise(utilize) 利用 resident=occupant 居民 steadily=continuously不断地
Remedy=cure 治疗(055) draft==formulate起草 practically=almost 几乎 endeavor=try=test尝试
seldom=rarely 很少而精 Readily=willingly 乐意 shine=polish 擦亮 Extract=take out 取出(045) decent=honest正派 Lethal=Deadly=fatal 致命的
6
4\\insist on=demand 坚持 speed=velocity快过Physician=doctor 医生 particularly=especially特别 safe=secure安全的 branch=division分支机构Abnormal=unusual 不正常的 accelerate=step up 加快 abundant=plentiful 丰富的 accumulate=collect积累Allocate=distribute=assign 分配 childish=immature 幼稚 barren=bare贫瘠
5\\appalling=dreadful讨厌的Anyhow=anyway 不管 achieve=attain 通过努力达到 capability=ability 能力
in conjunction=together共同Credible=convincing 可信的diligent=hardworking 勤奋diverse=varied多种多样faulty=wrong有错的 Gorgeous=lovely 极美的 persist=continue 持续 regulate=control 控制 scatter=separate分开Stand point=point of view 观点 touching=moving 感人的
6\\vanish=disappear消失 phase=stage阶段Deter=inhibit=prevent 阻止 porcelain=china 陶瓷
prior to=before在。。以前 last=past过去conscientious=careful 小心的 Consolidate=strengthen 巩固(057)
contaminate=pollute污染(047) distress=hazard=danger危险 endeavor=try 试图 eternal=everlasting永恒的
depict=describe描写 Exhibit=show 显示(043)
7\\annoy=irritate讨厌 deliberately=intentionally 故意地 vague=imprecise模糊的Summit=top of mountain 山项
census=count人口普查 duplicate=copy复制 ban=forbid禁止Legal=lawful 合法的 mock=laugh at 取笑 motive=reasons理由(051) notably=particularly特别(044)omit=fail 失败 orthodox=conventional 正统的Outrageous=unacceptable 不能接受的 scare=frighten 受惊的
8\\hail=acclaim 向欢呼 Principal organizers=planners 组织者postulate=assume假定extinction=dying out灭绝
Abrupt=sudden 忽然mighty=very strong很强authentically=genuinely真实Eligible=entitled =qualified有资格assert=state firmly 断言 permit=allow允许 Recommend=propose=suggest建议Regret=sorry 道歉 rely on=depend on 依赖 remove=take off脱掉
9\\improved=better更好(04\\05)Break=beat打破 provoke=elicit引起 gangster=violent criminals 歹徒
framework=skeleton框架 Lure=attraction 吸引(053) densely=compactly密集地 fascinate=intrigue使。着迷
Probe=explore=investigate 考察(058) settle=solve解决 tremble=shake(shook)
10\\shabby=unfair不公平uneasy=anxious匆促不安的Demolish=pull down 毁掉adverse=unfavorable 不利的 concise=short and clear
简明扼要的
courteous=respectable 尊敬，礼貌 invaluable=extremely useful 无价的 Insane=crazy荒唐exhaustive=extremely thorough彻底的ingenious=clever 灵巧的 eligible=entitled=qualified 有资格的wholesome=Vigorous=healthy 有活力的 abide by=adhere to=stick to 遵守 without bias=fairly 公正的Terminate=put an end to 结束
（二）其它考试命题研究组要求掌握的单词： 1、《高分全攻略》：
border on=close to 接受 condense=compress 压缩 Attribute=quality 特性 likely=possible可能的 quarter=fourth四分之一Attend to=wait on 伺候 limited=small小的 Regardless of=whatever 不论 realized=fulfill实现Satisfactorily=acceptably令人满意的 alleviate=lessen 减轻(059) Bearing=influence 影响
for love or money=at any price 无论任何代价 convert=change兑换(042)Foster=cultivate培养 immediately=right away 马上 cater for=meet满足arouse=excite使激动 accelerate=set up 加快 severe=hard 艰苦 Confidential=secret 秘密 gain=put on增加 Collaborate=cooperate 合作(056) gather=assemble 聚集 call up=telephone 打电话 get up=arise 起床collide with=run into碰撞 Compel=force 被迫 remainder=rest 剩余物 Final=last 最后 realize=know知道 massive=extensive 大量的 damaging=harmful有害的Look for=try to find 寻找 comprehend=understand理解deduce=derive推出(0510) at stake=in danger 危险中 scene=location地点 pressing=urgent 紧迫的contend=argue 争论 outcome=result结果 Poorly=inadequately 不足的(0511) complain=feel unhappy感到不快
effect=result影响 while=although 尽管
2、《辅导训练。全真模拟》（加粗为课本例题或多次出现的单词）： 1\\Consume=waste 浪费 turn out =produce 创作 move=stir
移动
restrict=confine 限制 stand to reason=seem logical显然Tough=strong 坚硬 nearest=closest to 最接近 shrink=contract 收缩 abrupt=unexpected 突然的 gain=profit 增进Cut in=interrupt 插嘴 explore=investigate deadly=fatal accumulate=collect recommend=suggest 2\\fluctuate=change
变动
irritate=annoy
weary=tired
疲倦
contaminate=pollute exhaustive=very thorough fascinate=attractive 迷人 gauge=assess估计 let=rent出租tremble=shake stroll=walk散步 deduce=derive tolerate=put up with allocate=assign massive=extensive cater for=meet
3、已考过单词： 05考新词（查字典）
complicate=complex(14)复杂（在同一页） Insufficient=inadequate（11）不足的（已学）
颤抖(0413)
widen=broaden变宽(052) Astonish=shock=surprise吃惊 abide by=stick to 遵守 widen=broaden 变宽
7
perish=die(12)死亡（在词典中有解释） ultimately=finally(13)最后（与finally的意思相同）
Appraisal=evaluation(15) 评价 Immense=enormous(4)巨大的 04考词
Blend=mix modify=change exhibit=show notably=remarkably extract=take out
Absurd=ridiculous contaminate=pollute dim=dark gauge=measure prudent=sensible Renowned=well-known
sustain=maintain
tremble=shake(shook)
13、Credible=convincing diligent=hardworking diverse=varied faulty=wrong 14、Gorgeous=lovely persist=continue regulate=control scatter=separate Stand point=point of view
15、touching=moving vanish=disappear phase=stage Deter=inhibit=prevent porcelain=china
16、prior to=before last=past conscientious=careful endeavor=try eternal=everlasting
17、depict=describe annoy=irritate deliberately=intentionally vague=imprecise Summit=top of mountain
18、census=count duplicate=copy ban=forbid Legal=lawful mock=laugh at
upgrade=improve weary=exhausted 03考词 Put
across=explain
tender=kind
debate=discuss
consume=use
19、omit=fail orthodox=conventional Outrageous=unacceptable
icapacity=volume
intimately=closely uphold=support Concise=brief lay dowm=state terminate=end
token=sign unwilling=reluctant regulate=control Explore=investigate steadily=gradually
二、记忆版(共225组，约00个单词)：要求一对对来记，一见就知是夫妻。（用一张纸打印，随身带着瞧）
1、account for=explain minute=slight disorder=confusion Accused of=charged with investigate=look into
2、numerous=many obvious=clear Odd=strange participate in=take part in preserve=keep
3、previously=before pull up=stop perceive=notice possess=own substantial=significant
4、spur=encourage coverage=reportage mildly=gently inevitable=certain isolate=solitary 5、call
of=cancel
make
up
one’s
mind=decide
Now
and
scare=frighten hail=acclaim
20、Principal organizers=planners postulate=assume extinction=dying out Abrupt=sudden mighty=very strong 21、authentically=genuinely
Eligible=entitled=qualified
assert=state
firmly
permit=allow Recommend=propose=suggest Regret=sorry rely on=depend on remove=take off Break=beat provoke=elicit gangster=violent criminals framework=skeleton densely=compactly fascinate=intrigue
settle=solve Astonish=shock=surprise abide by=stick to widen=broaden shabby=unfair
23、uneasy=anxious Demolish=pull down adverse=unfavorable concise=short and clear courteous=respectable
24、invaluable=extremely useful Insane=crazy exhaustive=extremely thorough ingenious=clever eligible=entitled=qualified wholesome=Vigorous=healthy abide by=adhere to=stick to without bias=fairly Terminate=put an end to
25、border on=close to condense=compress Attribute=quality likely=possible quarter=fourth
26、Attend to=wait on limited=small Regardless of=whatever realized=fulfill Satisfactorily=acceptably
27、Bearing=influence for love or money=at any price Foster=cultivate immediately=right away cater for=meet arouse=excite accelerate=set up
resident=occupant
severe=hard Confidential=secret gain=put on
28、gather=assemble call up=telephone get up=arise collide with=run into Compel=force
29、remainder=rest Final=last realize=know massive=extensive damaging=harmful
30、Look for=try to find comprehend=understand at stake=in danger scene=location pressing=urgent
31、contend=argue outcome=result complain=feel unhappy effect=result while=although
32、Consume=waste turn out =produce move=stir restrict=confine stand to reason=seem logical
then=occasionally=sometimes find fault with=criticize
6、grasp=take hold of Consideration=account tolerate=put up with abandon=give up lately=recently 7、Manual=physical
harness=utilise(utilize)
steadily=continuously draft==formulate
8、practically=almost endeavor=try=test seldom=rarely Readily=willingly shine=polish
9、decent=honest Lethal=Deadly=fatal insist on=demand speed=velocity Physician=doctor
10、particularly=especially safe=secure branch=division Abnormal=unusual accelerate=step up
11、abundant=plentiful accumulate=collect Allocate=distribute=assign childish=immature barren=bare
12、appalling=dreadful Anyhow=anyway achieve=attain capability=ability in conjunction=together
8
33、Tough=strong nearest=closest to shrink=contract abrupt=unexpected gain=profit
Cut in=interrupt explore=investigate deadly=fatal accumulate=collect recommend=suggest
fluctuate=change irritate=annoy weary=tired contaminate=pollute exhaustive=very thorough
fascinate=attractive gauge=assess let=rent tremble=shake stroll=walk deduce=derive tolerate=put up with allocate=assign massive=extensive cater for=meet (黑体部分已考)
34、dimly=faintly Remedy=cure Extract=take out Consolidate=strengthen contaminate=pollute
35、distress=hazard=danger
Exhibit=show
notably=particularly
motive=reasons improved=better
36、Lure=attraction Probe=explore=investigate tremble=shake(shook) widen=broaden alleviate=lessen 37
、
convert=change
Collaborate=cooperate
deduce=derive
Poorly=inadequately
9