and the land available for new housing developments is increasingly scarce, some historic buildings must be demolished to make room for more compact, high-rise constructions. Secondly, the fast-paced automated and digitized modern city life has rendered some unremarkable old buildings redundant. Even if we renovated or remodeled these old structures to meet the requirements of contemporary urban life that is best characterized by its dynamism and convenience, the utility of retrofitted old building s would still pale compared to that of the modern buildings tailored-made for modern functions.
Nevertheless, there are other considerations that should be given precedence over the utilitarian value of historic buildings. First and foremost, some historic buildings uniquely represent specific historical events or figure. If such structures were all razed, accurate representation of the corresponding events and figures would be out of the question. Further, some historic buildings possess exceptional esthetic value and mere replication or documentation can by no means demonstrate the superior craftsmanship in them as
vividly. Additionally, many historic vernacular dwellings embody the distinctive lifestyle of ethnic minority groups. It would be an ethnological catastrophe if all these dwellings were knocked down for the sake of current urban needs.
In the final analysis, I concede that the demolition of some historic buildings is inevitable in the process of urban development. However, it would be erroneous and imprudent if we fail to acknowledge that some old buildings are too significant historically, esthetically or ethnologically to dismantle. On balance, I am convinced that urban advancement and the preservation of significant historic buildings are not necessarily mutually exclusive and urban developers must not indiscriminately meet modern needs at the expense of the historic buildings that have notable historical, esthetic or ethnological value.
发展类8分范文
发展类(城乡差距)In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should work in rural areas for a few years. But some others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion. 开头段至少写3+1
In this day and age, it can be generally observed that the disparity between cities and the country has been aggravated by relentless urbanization. With respect to educational and medical facilities, a yawning gap has emerged between those in cities and rural ones. This manifest chasm has prompted some to suggest that teachers and doctors fresh out of university work in the country for a few years. Yet many are opposed to this view on the grounds that it infringes upon individual freedom to choose where they work. Personally, I think both these two views have merit and demerit. 主体段第一段1+4
Granted, assigning new teachers and doctors to the countryside may create certain
benefits. To begin with, this practice can help foster a strong sense of obligation in many teachers and doctors. They can experience first-hand how the rural residents are held
back by the out-molded teaching and medical facilities and this, in turn, can inspire a host of professionals to commit themselves to the alleviation of this disturbing situation. Moreover, the inferior living and working conditions in the country can temper many of
these young professionals' soul. They are very likely to be more tenacious and
determined and hence more successful than their urban counterparts in later careers. 主体段第二段1+6
However, there are even more drawbacks that this practice can engender. In the first
place, many young teachers and doctors will fell unmotivated or frustrated if they are sent to rural areas against their own will. They may have a hard time getting accustomed to the shabby housing and primitive facilities and slack off at work. In the second place, if new teachers and doctors are coerced to work in the countryside, a considerable proportion of them may find it daunting when it comes time for them to relocate to cities after a few years in the country. They will feel intense occupational stress when they cannot operate efficiently equipment much more advanced than the devices they are used to back in the country school or hospital. Last but not least, given the inferiority of new teachers and doctors will lead to unsatisfactory job performance in rural school and clinics. We really cannot expect fresh recruits to work wonders with outdated tools. 结尾段
In the final analysis, I concede that sending teachers and doctors fresh out of college to the countryside may produce specific advantages. However, if we enforce this
indiscriminately, that will surely generate even more banes. On balance, I am convinced that we should optimize our workforce and honor the individual freedom in determining where they work.
发展类(交通问题) Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree 转述题目,至少写3句
With the car ownership soaring in China, the issue of traffic accidents has been thrown into sharp relief. According to recent research conducted by China's ministry of
transportation, the annual incidence of traffic accidents is nearly three times as high as the corresponding figure a decade ago. Many people have been alarmed by this trend and assert that imposing stiffer punishment on the perpetrators is the only way to curb this disturbing phenomenon. Personally, I believe their view has both merit and demerit.
其中主旨句模板词汇可以替换成:Personally, from my own perspective, in my view, as I see it, as far as I am concerned, speaking for myself
主体段第一段,1+4句, 主题句+2个二级论点+2句论证
(主题句)Granted, more severe penalty does carry certain advantages.(二级分论点1) First and foremost, it would be the most cost-effective way to deter those would be driving offenders.(论证分论点1)Heavy fines, long community service or even jail terms would render most of the aggressive drivers apprehensive about the violating the traffic law, even without extra government funding to upgrade traffic surveillance cameras or
augment traffic police force. (二级分论点2)Further, the effective of this hard line approach would be immediate.(论证二级分论点)Once the related regulatory decrees are released, we would be sure to witness a substantial decline of driving offenses overnight. 主体段第二段,1+6句,主题句+3个二级分论点+3句论证
(主题句)However, there are also traffic hazards that we cannot address by merely
stiffening the punishment of aggressive or destructive driving conduct.(二级分论点1) To begin with, pedestrians who habitually jaywalk will not be discouraged by this move.(论证
二级分论点1) pedestrians account for a considerable proportion of traffic-accident
culprits.; thus, pedestrian offenses such as jaywalking must be effectively checked as will. (二级分论点2)Secondly, if people who are regularly behind the wheel are not awakened to the horrific consequences traffic offenses may breed, they will take advantage of every loophole in sight. (论证二级分论点2) If people who are regularly abide by the traffic law solely out of fear for punishment, when a surveillance camera is out order or the traffic police fail to keep tabs on a specific section of a freeway, all hell will break loose.(二级分论 点3) Lastly, strict punishment of disorderly conduct does not guarantee infallible detection of driving offenses.(论证二级分论点3)Without sophisticated traffic-offense detectors and a capable traffic police force, traffic laws, no matter how draconian, would be lax enough for hardened reckless drivers to disregard. 结尾段,3句
In the final analysis, I concede that harsh penalty on driving offenders constitutes an
effective way to deter irresponsible driving behavior. However, the rampant driving offense cannot be curbed by stiffer punishment of driving offenders along. On balance, I am convinced that we must take a more integrated approach to this modern-day scourge.
发展类常用词汇 Development
26) 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏远 create alienation between people 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/
money-worshipping 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit 交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词) 阻碍impede/ hinder/ hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 扶贫poverty alleviation 就业机会 job opportunity/ employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ impoverished/ deprived/ destitute/ indigent 富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off
27) 撞车car wrecks/ car accidents 行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident
perpetrators 违章横穿马路 jaywalk(可以记忆为:周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特 斯邦威) 监控摄像头 surveillance cameras
28) 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic value (注意审美观的英文 说法是 aesthetic values 复数) 有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance 民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated 拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building 高楼high-rise building 摩天楼skyscrapers 城市化 urbanization 城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural 搬迁 relocate(vi,vt)
29) 在家上班(动词) telecommute 休闲leisure/recreation 精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment 娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laissez-faire management 运营 成本 operating costs/overhead costs 雇用 recruit 会导致效率降低的
counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool 抑郁症 depression 失眠 sleeplessness/ sleep-deprivation/insomnia 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom 控制人口 birth control/family planning 爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 缺少运动的生活方 式 sedentary lifestyle 营养过剩 over nourishment
发展类模板
The swift changes in …have thrown the issue of … into sharp focus/relief 某方面的快速变 革让…成为公众注意的焦点.
In present-day society, the tempo/pace of life has accelerated immensely. 在当代,生活的 节奏大大的加快了.
In preceding centuries have rendered numerous countries+形容词… 过去的几个世纪的…让很多国家变成了…
发展类名人名言
\—Le Corbusier
The architect must be a prophet…a prophet in the true sense of the term…if he can't -Le Corbusier
全球化类范文
It is clear that the differences between various countries are becoming less
evident. In this day and age, all over the world, people can see the same movies,
fashions, brands and TV programs. To what extent do you think the advantages of this phenomenon outweigh its disadvantages
In this day and age, like a host of other developing countries, China is increasingly westernized and numerous Chinese cities are increasingly cosmopolitan. The breaking down of trade barriers has generated a plethora of foreign entertainment productions on the market. The sweeping trend of cultural homogenization, or more precisely, cultural westernization, has disturbed and alarmed many. Personally, I also believe that the disadvantages of cultural globalization far outweigh its advantages.
Granted, global cultural homogeneity has immensely enriched the lives of the denizens in developing countries. Now Hollywood blockbusters typically get their first screening in China within a couple of days after their American premiere and youths in China can
download singles topping billboard charts from Internet without having to scout around in a CD store. Enhanced TV connectivity affords Chinese viewer chances to see primetime American TV shows. This ease of access to a multitude of foreign amusements has really brightened up the lives of many.
However, the global cultural sameness can engender far more banes. In the first place, it severely undermines the cultural diversity in the world. Nowhere is the decline of cultural diversity more manifest than with the youngsters. Today, in Chinese metropolises, it is a common sight that twenty-something stroll down the billboard-lined sidewalks, sporting Nike sweatshirts and Adidas sneakers, with Motorola cell phones toted in their hands and Apple's iPod clipped on their belts. And it is equally commonplace that adolescents, whose hair is dyed yellow or purple, don their baggy outfits and bust moves to hip-pop music. All these seem just so pretentious for a culture that valued modesty, humility and moderation for over three thousand years. In the second place, indiscriminate embracing of the American popular culture diminishes the sense of pride and dignity of
developing-country peoples. Traditions, rites, rituals, mores and the language of culture are all unifying forces of a nation and the decline of them erodes the national identity and
national pride of a country. Lastly, cultural westernization breeds massive unemployment in entertainment, publishing, and design industries of developing countries. The
inundation by foreign products drives local businesses out of the market and renders vast numbers of professionals jobless.
To sum up, the on-going cultural globalization is far more detrimental than it is beneficial. It is , in essence, the process of the Western culture(primarily the American culture)
dominating, eroding and replacing the indigenous cultures in other geographical regions. Unless people in developing countries make a conscious effort to preserve and uphold their cultural identity, their fascinating cultural heritage will be jeopardized permanently.
Globalization 类常用词汇
Globalization
35) (一个国家或者地区的)文化特性 (national or regional) cultural identity 全球文化同 一化过程(名词,即地区文化特征的消失)global cultural homogenization 文化同一性 (或者叫文化均质性,名词)cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双 刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword. 地球村 the global village
Globalization 类模板
With the vast world gradually shrinking into a small global village, the issue of sweeping globalization has triggered heated debate.
随着巨大的世界逐渐变成了一个很小的地球村, 席卷一切的全球化引发了激烈的争论.
Globalization 类名人名言
\ a force of nature—like wind or water.\—Bill Clinton
\
八、Environmental Problems 类
环境类 what are the cause of water scarcity Present your own solutions to it. 开头段3+1(不少于4句)
In present-day society, the human race is advancing at a staggering rate in a host of arena. Along with all the boons brought about by high-tech wonders have come some sufferings; and the lack of fresh water is manifest among them. Over two thirds of the nations
worldwide are afflicted with severe water shortage. (主旨句)Hence, it is crucial that we ascertain the cause of water scarcity and identify the effective remedies of this phenomenon.
表示人类 the human race, man, humankind, humanity, human beings, humans 表示\领 域\要表达\产生\的意思,后面是好的结果,用bring about 后面是不好的结果,用engender, 后面是抽象名词,用 induce
主体段1(不少于7句)(主题句)As I see it, the cause of the current water crisis are
manifold. (二级分论点)First and foremost, the population explosion is the root cause of the crisis. Over the past half century, the world population explosion has more than doubled and this growth rate is showing no sign of slowing down; therefore, household and
industrial consumption has been shooting up since the end of World War II. (二级分论点)