湖南涉外经济学院备课纸
rickshaw pullers, I meditate on the scene around me. 年 月 日 What a contrast between the work I do and the lives they lead! What does globalization mean to these people? If globalization has to mean anything significant to the Indian poor, it must mean a transformation of their lives. And yet, I can bet 100 to one that their lives will differ in no significant way from their fathers‘ or grandfathers‘ before them. The only consolation I can offer myself is that my job makes me the avant-garde of a movement which may – over the course of this century – improve their great-grandchildren‘s lives. 全球化与普通印度人的命运 Finally, the taxi reaches the club and an old Victorian clubhouse comes into view amidst the sprawling golf course, manicured lawns and tennis courts. I head for the tea-lounge. With its Daniels‘ water-color prints,richly brocaded chairs, dark mahogany paneling and wooden parquetry, this is the place to enjoy coffee after work. A liveried waiter brings me some. The club itself is a product of that last great age of globalization, what Eric Hobsbawm called ―The Age of Empire‖. Now that we are in another age of globalization, little of the décor seems to have changed since then. 作为“帝国Only then, as an Indian, I would not have been allowed to enter its 时代”产物的咖hallowed portals. Perhaps some thing do change after all! 啡馆 Sipping my coffee, I ponder over the question that is being debated in England: ―Import workers or export jobs?‖ The first thing that strikes me is that it presents a so very First World perspective.
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湖南涉外经济学院备课纸
年 月 日 Sitting in a Third World country, the proposition could equally be 在经济学家phrased as: ―Export workers – or import jobs?‖ Actually, whichever way you 看来，“出口工state it, the economist‘s answer is the same and is very simple: it does not 人”与“进口工matter. 作”是一回事情 As a graduate student of economics, I have imbibed the theorems of microeconomics almost with my mother‘s milk. If we view the right to work and citizenship as a bundle of legal rights, then their free exchange will move resources to their highest valued use, thereby maximizing global output. Under such conditions, migration and outsourcing are two sides of the 我对移民与same coin, temporary disequilibrium conditions leading to an eventual 劳务输出问题的equilibrium. 理解 An admirable goal? Indeed! Realizable? It will founder on the frailties of human nature. Equal real wages for equivalent work throughout the world is the most heart-warming as long as it doesn‘t affect my own lifestyle. Equality is good so long that I am immune from its pressures. By a strange quirk of fate, I am condemned to view the problems of 移民与劳务输migration and outsourcing from both sides. 出问题的两面性 As a child of an Indian father and English mother, I have Indian citizenship, but also a Right of Abode which allows me to work in the United Kingdom. At the same time, I am an applicant for a U.S. Green Card. Much of my high education occurred in the United States and I have 我相对于我worked in Indian , the U.K. and the United States. A real citizen of one 的印度同胞的独country, I remain an imaginary citizen of two others.
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湖南涉外经济学院备课纸
年 月 日 Trapped between three worlds, I feel justifiably pround at India‘s success in outsourcing. Yet I am equally aware that as a potential migrant to the U.K. or the United States, the reduction in transaction costs that makes outsourcing possible has an infringing consequence: It also reduces the economic attractiveness of these two countries to me. Once we become members of an exclusive club ( like the one I am sitting in ), we would like all further applications stopped! It is this duality of human nature that makes me view the future of globalization with foreboding. Just as the last great age of globalization engendered uncontrolled jingoism and came crashing down amidst the mud and filth of Flanders‘ fields, our age too has its weaknesses. 自利的天性 自利的天性Foremost among them is protectionism, which includes eliminating 带来的危害，包immigration. Equality of real wages of equivalent work is going to hit some 括保护主义 people in the developed world really hard – and for reasons not of their own making. Before Industrial Revolution, poverty was equally distributed throughtout the globe, and therefore global inequality was low. Certainly, great differences existed between king and peasant in all feudal 前工业社会societies, but the lot of peasant in India and Europe was fairly similar: a life at 的相对平等 the margin. Then came the Industrial Revolution – and a few countries began to pull away from the rest. This secular separation has gone on for over two centuries now.
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年 月 日 It has reached a point where the average bachelor‘ degree holder in India has to make do on a few dollars a day, while his U.S. counterpart with a 工业社会存similar educational level enjoys a three-bedroom house, even if both are doing 在的新的不平等the same work. The reason why this could go on was because, for the U.S. worker, the labor market he or she had to face was the local, or at best, the national 现象 这种新的不market. The fall in transaction costs owing to globalization has meant that the 平等现象存在的relevant market for this worker is now the international one. This dramatic outward shift of the labor supply curve will naturally reduce his wages. At the same time, it reduces global inequality in 原因 移民与劳务remuneration for similar work. Both migration and outsourcing can be viewed 输出必然改观这as an attempt to arbitrage these existing wage differentials. This will certainly lead to a backlash, as is happening in the United States and Europe right now. Nor will it go away easily, not even with a return to economic prosperity. 种不平等现象 移民与劳务输出带来的新问This is because of the fundamental contradiction that lies at the heart of 题 the liberal political and economic order. The liberal economic order demands progression towards perfect competion, which ultimately devalues citizenship rights. On the other hand, the liberal political order is predicated by the concert of nation-states. 自由政治秩We have, so far, no other bases for the establishment of democratic 序与自由经济秩regimes — and the E.U. is still too immature and unloved to take its place 序之间的矛盾 that demands robust citizenship rights.
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年 月 日 The economic entrepreneur is expected follow the demands and needs of the consumers slavishly, but if the political entrepreneur — tha is, the politician — were to follow this advice, a protectionist regime could easily emerge. After all, demand for protection is a natural reaction to declining or stagnant income levels. There is no easy way out of this dilemma and only a good dose of common-sense and self-restraint can alleviate matters. Complex thoughts. Weighty matters. And no resolution. 全球化任Having finished my coffee, I take my leave from the tea-lounge 重而道远 and wait in the foyer for a taxi. As I scan the darkness outsides, I think of my lawyer back in Dallas and mutter, ―When will my Green Card come?‖ Comprehension Question 1. How do you understand the title ―Living Between Three worlds‖? （―Three Worlds‖ is originally an idea of Chairman Mao. Here, ―living‖ means the life of the author, ―three worlds‖ means also ―the U.K, US and Indian‖.） 2. What does globalization mean to different people? (More choices and high salary for some people of developing countries. Powerful counterpart and low wages for some people of