考试吧(www.exam8.com)
times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.
词汇：
nap n. vi. (白天)小睡，打盹；睡午觉 attack n. (疾病)发作 failure n. 衰竭 stroke n. 中风 muscle n. 肌肉 diabetes n. 糖尿病
confirm vt. 确证，进一步证实
archive n. (常用复数) 档案；档案室 Mediterranean adj. 地中海的 Greece n. 希腊
stress n. 压力 subject n. 受实验者
注释：
1. Napping to a Healthier Heart? 午睡可以使心脏更健康吗？to在这里表示达到某种结果
或效果。
2. heart attack：心脏病发作 3. heart failure：心力衰竭
4. NT-proBNP：N端-脑型利钠肽原（或：N末端前脑利钠肽）。它是心肌中的一种压力指
示因子，有望成为预测冠心病转归的生化标志物。 5. for sure：确实，毫无疑问地
6. aggressive treatment：损伤性治疗（aggressive原意是“有攻击性的，侵略的”） 7. American Medical Association (AMA) ：美国医学会 8. Archives of Internal Medicine：内科医学档案 9. Harvard University：（美国）哈佛大学
University of Athens：（希腊）雅典大学
练习：
1. Paragraph 2 2. Paragraph 3 3. Paragraph 5 4. Paragraph 6
6
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
A Effects of napping in females still uncertain B Older males have higher levels of NT-proBNP C Development of a simple but important test D Evidence of positive relationship between napping and heart disease E How to control the levels of NT-proBNP F Effects of NT-proBNP on heart disease
5. According to some researchers, by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood
people may know 6. If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP 7. People who take regular afternoon naps 8. So far there have not been definite data to confirm
A B C D E D where fewer people die from heart problem. whether they have the risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. would probably have lower rates of heart disease. how to test a person’s NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself. his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way. that napping is of great benefit to women too.
答案与题解：
1. F 本段后面两句说到，通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病
人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近八倍。
2. B 本段说到，他们所查的是男性，并发现老年男性且患有糖尿病和高血压者
NT-proBNP的水平最高。
3. D 本段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都有午睡，而且患心脏病的比率较低。哈
佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次、每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的比率少37%。
4. A 最后一段说，午睡对工作的男性尤其有益，虽然调查时死亡的女性并不多，但
午睡对女性的益处文章并没有给出一个明确结论。 5. B 答案来源于第一段的第二、三句。 6. E 答案来源于第三段第一句。
7. C 答案来源于第五段第三、四句和该段最后一句。 8. F 答案来源于第三段第二句和文章的最后一句v。
Pregnant women warned about ACE1 inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have
7
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders.2 The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.5 So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F.D.A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.
词汇：
pregnant adj. 怀孕的 warn vt. 警告
inhibitor n. 抑制剂
pregnancy n. 怀孕 diabetes n. 糖尿病
diabetic adj. 糖尿病的 n. 糖尿病患者 suppress vt. 抑制
protein n. 蛋白（质） dependable adj. 可靠的
注释：
1. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme )：血管紧张肽转化酶 2. birth disorders：先天性疾病
3. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely
to be born with major problems. 这项研究表明，如果与其他婴儿相比，这些婴儿在
出生时患大病的可能性几乎是他们的三倍。compare to在美国英语中也有 compared with（与...相比）的意思。另外，problem在医学文献中常常用来指疾病。 4. New England Journal of Medicine：新英格兰医药杂志。New England 是美国东北六州 ( Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和 Connecticut )的总称。
5 birth defect ( = congenital defect)：先天性缺陷，先天性缺损
8
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
6. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美国食品与药品管理局
练习：
1. Paragraph 2 2. Paragraph 3 3. Paragraph 4 4. Paragraph 5 A Effects of ACE and ACE inhibitors B Wide use of ACE inhibitors C How to deal with high blood pressure in pregnant women D Damage to pregnant women's future babies E Suggestions on stopping the use of ACE inhibitors F Relative safety for women during the first three months of pregnancies
5. FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult . 6. ACE inhibitors are not recommended . 7. Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders . 8. ACE is a risk factor to our body .
A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow B for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies C that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies D with their doctors about how to treat their problems E because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects F though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies
答案与题解：
1. D 第二段说的是孕妇在孕期最后六个月服用ACE抑制剂会给未来婴儿带来伤害，
婴儿患大病的可能性几乎是其他婴儿的三倍，包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞等。
2. F 第三段说患高血压的孕妇在孕期头三个月服用其它降压药，她们的危险性并没有
增加；即使服用ACE抑制剂，其婴儿也只有大约9%患大病。故妊娠头三个月相对安全。 3. A 第四段说，ACE抑制剂可以抑制一种叫ACE的蛋白质，ACE可以使血管变窄，
而ACE抑制剂则可增加血流使血压下降。
4. C 第五段说到，虽然目前正在妊娠动物上试验新药，但其结果也不一定可靠，因此
患高血压的妊娠妇女还是要去咨询医生。
5. D 本题答案存在于文章的最后一句。talk with与consult with的意思相同，都是“咨
询、商量”的意思。
6. B 第二段第一句说到，多年来医生已经知道，妇女在妊娠的后六个月不应该服用
ACE抑制剂。
9
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
7. F 第三段后半部说到，研究人员研究了大约30，000个婴儿，其中209个婴儿的母
亲在妊娠的头三个月服用过ACE抑制剂，但只有18个婴儿患有大病，大约占9%。 8. A 本题答案存在于第四段倒数第二句，该句说，这种酶(即ACE)可使血管变窄。
第四部分 阅读理解
（六篇）
Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor
Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.
Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person's blood under a microscope.
In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.4
Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6
Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles.7 Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.
词汇：
nanotechnology n. 纳米技术 matter n. 物质 molecule n. 分子 atom n. 原子
nanometer n. 纳米，毫微米( 长度单位，= 10-9m) one-billion n. 十亿分之一
dirt-resistant adj. 防尘的，防污的
10