考试吧(www.exam8.com)
promise n. 有希望，有前途
program n. 节目，节目单 vt. 为…编制程序 scholar n. 学者
quantum n. 量；量子 dot n. （小）点，圆点 confirm vt. 确认；证实 case n. 病症；病例；患者 malaria n. 疟（疾）
misuse vt. 误用，滥用 /????????/ n. 误用，滥用 particle n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子 activate vt. 使激活 identify vt. 辨认
diagnose vt. 诊断（疾病） Brazil n. 巴西
nano-material n. 纳米材料 investment n. 投资；投资额
注释：
1. beauty product：美容产品
2. quantum dot (QD)：量子点。可取代传统染色法，成为细胞内的荧光标记物，可进行
长时间、多分子、同时检测。
3. give off：放出；发出（蒸汽、光线、烟雾、气味等）
4. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the
presence of a targeted molecule. 研究人员正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便如果有靶分子存在时能通过发光辨认疾病。light up点灯；发光。targeted molecule：靶分子。
5. National Institutes of Health (NIH)：国立卫生研究院 6. side effect：副作用
7. compared to larger particles如果与大一点的颗粒比较起来的话。这是一个过去分词短
语，作条件状语。compare…to在美国英语也可以表示compare…with的意思。
练习：
1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing. B) To produce better and lighter building materials. C) To help more accurately diagnose diseases. D) To help more effectively treat diseases.
2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?
A) By traditionally looking at a person's blood under a microscope. B) By letting a person take some kind of medicine.
C) By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. D) By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.
3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?
A) By making a drug target the focus of a disease.
11
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
B) By changing the structure of the body cells. C) By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.
D) By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.
4. The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on
nanotechnology EXCEPT . A) China B) Brazil C) Iran D) India
5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the
passage?
A) They may cause some damage to the body cells. B) They are harmful materials themselves. C) They may store in the body.
D) They may behave differently in the body and the environment.
答案与题解：
1. B 本题选项A在第一段第三句提到，选项C在第二段倒数第二句和第四段第一句
提到，选项D则在第四段第二、三、四句提到，只有选项B全文均未提及。
2. C 第三段最后两句说到，如果存在靶分子的话，量子点就会发光，以此辨认疾病，
这正是本题答案。
3. A 第四段全段都在讲纳米技术如何提高药物疗效，而中心就在于纳米技术能使药
物对准疾病病灶（文章中实际是举已经研发的治癌药为例）从而提高药物疗效。 4. C 第五段第二句已经说得很清楚，其中并没有Iran。
5. D 第五段第三、四句说到，纳米材料的颗粒在体内和在体外环境中作用可能不太一
样，因此可能存在某种危险性。其实言外之意还存在未知数，所以后一句才说需要更多投入以便搞清它们的危险性。
Multivitamins urged for all pregnant women
A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.
The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.
12
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine.3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had H.I.V.5, the virus that causes AIDS.6 The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with7 H.I.V. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body's immunity against infection.
The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.
词汇：
multivitamin n. 多种维生素制剂 urge v. 极力主张；强烈要求；敦促 pregnant adj. 怀孕的，妊娠的 Tanzania n. 坦桑尼亚（非洲） diabetes n. 糖尿病，多尿症
Dar es Salaam n. 达累斯萨拉姆（坦桑尼亚首都） folate n. 叶酸盐
mineral n. 矿物质；无机盐 adj. 矿物质的；无机的 fetal adj. 泰的，胎儿的 lymphocyte n. 淋巴细胞
immunity n. 免疫力；免疫性 infection n. 传染，感染；传染病 placebo n. 安慰剂；安慰剂治疗 inactive adj. 无作用的 pill n. 药丸，丸剂 fetus n. 胎，胎儿
注释：
1. World Health Organization (WHO)：世界卫生组织 2. along with：与…一起
3. New England Journal of Medicine：新英格兰医药杂志。New England 是美国东北六
州( Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和 Connecticut )的总称。
4. Harvard University School of Public Health：哈佛大学公共卫生学院 5. HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus )：人免疫缺陷病毒
6. AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome )：获得性免疫缺陷综合征，艾滋病 7. (be) infected with：感染上…
13
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
练习：
1. How many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries every year
according to WHO? A) 20,000,000. B) 18,000,000. C) 2,000,000. D) 38,000,000.
2. A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT _________.
A) all vitamins in the B group B) vitamins C and E C) much iron and folate D) antiviral substances
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the
passage?
A) To reduce the rate of babies born too early. B) To reduce the risk of low birth weight.
C) To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV. D) To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’ blood. 4. What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?
A) To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus. B) To raise the body’s immunity against infection. C) To help prevent the development of heart disease. D) To help prevent the development of diabetes.
5. How many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to women who were not
infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study? A) Less than 8%. B) About 9.5%. C) 1.5%. D) 17.5%.
答案与题解：
1. C 第一段最后两句说到，WHO估计每年有2000万出生婴儿体重过低，其中十个
中有九个生于发展中国家，可见发达国家只占十分之一，故应是200万。
2. D 文章第二段第二句已经说明，选项A、B、C均是多种维生素片所含的物质，只
有D项没有提及，而且也不可能。
3. A 关于多种维生素制剂的作用，B项在第四段第二句提到，C项在第三段倒数第三
句提到，D项在第三段最后两句提到，只有 A项在第四段倒数第二句中提到它时却说维生素对它不起什么作用。
4. B 第三段最后一句是文章中唯一一句说明淋巴细胞在身体中的作用的句子，故是
正确答案，其它A、C、D三项都与淋巴细胞无关。
5. A 第四段第一句和第二句已经将本题答案说得很清楚，其中的just under eight
percent（只不足8 %）正是A 项的less than 8%。
14
考试吧(www.exam8.com)
Warm people likely to keep cold at bay1
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,3 researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a \5 can help ward off6 the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.7
\explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. \when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.\
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to8 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to9 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional \Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
词汇：
bay n. 绝境，穷途末路
flu（influenza 的简称）n. 流（行性）感（冒） virus n. 病毒
disposition n. 本性，性情
psychosomatic adj. 心身的，身心的 boost vt. n. 提高，举起 immune adj. 免疫的
scratchy adj. 刺痛的，使人发痒的 runny adj. 流粘液的
Pittsburgh n. 匹兹堡（美国城市） colleague n. 同事
susceptible adj. 易感的，敏感的 catch vt. 感染到 trait n. 特质；特性
perceive vt. 发觉，觉察；理解
energetic adj. 精力充沛的，精神饱满的 easy-going adj. 随和的
15