Unit 5
一 、教学目标 类别 内 容 课要次 求 语/?/ /?/ /t?/ /d?/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /?/ 音 wake,early,first,day,term,must,still,by,on foot,the same to,usually,always,Ms.,boat,1A ship,sea,train,by plane/air/airplane weekday,around,bird,catch,walk,never,sometimes,ride,park,game,late, weekend 1B guest,life,almost,bicycle,break,finish,spare,basketball,football,read,story,1C clean, dance,piano,library,once,twice,week,listen,music,write,supermarket pleasure,volleyball,while 1D playground,lab,room,gym,classroom,building,pool,thing,card,motorcycle,2A road, physics most,better,inute,helf,reat,dear,borrow,course,keep,return,post,newspaper,purse,money,anything,else,nothing,meal,umbrella plan,next to,near,upstairs,news,attention,between,movie,show,hall,program,gone,wind, activity,stamp,world traffic,child,exercise,Japanese,the Great wall,wonderful 2B 掌 2C 握 2D 语 言 知 词 识 汇 Wednesday,end,period,Monday,Tuesday,Thursday,Friday,history,art,math,3A noon,geography,P.E,meeting,how many,Lesson,subject,draw,learn question,Australia,easy,interesting,difficult,boring answer,joke,funny,interest,everyday,science,useful,hard,wish wash,restaurant Subway Worm reporter,Net Bar,roller skating Measure dining hall,dormitory bookstore,workbook,project, certainly, lost and found poster,collection timetable,biology,politics,outdoor editor,column,writer Novel 3B 3C 3D 1A 1B 1C 1D 理 2B 2C 解 2A 3A 3C 3D 6
1.一般现在时(Simple present) 2.频度副词(Adverbs of frequency) never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always, once, twice 3.现在进行时(Present continuous) I’m looking for a book. Are you doing your homework?Yes, I am./No, I?m not. Is he/she...?Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t. What are you doing now?I’m playing computer games. What is he/she doing?He/She is... 1.谈论交通方式(Talking about means of transport) How do you usually go to school? I usually go to school by bike. 语 2.采访(Interviews) Our guest today is Michael from Class 2, Grade 1. 3.谈论日常生活(Talking about routines) 4.学校建筑(School buildings) 法 swimming pool, playground, library, dormitory, lab, canteen, gym 5.谈论兴趣喜好(Talking about interests, likes and dislikes) I like the swimming pool best. Why do you like English? Because it’s interesting and easy. 6.借物(Borrowing things) How long can I keep it? Two weeks. 7.新闻(News)、海报(Poster) Attention, please! Here is the news. 8.谈论学校活动、科目和时间表(Talking about school activities, subjects and timetable) 9.谈论学校生活(Talking about school life) 听 能听懂谈论校园生活中比较熟悉的话题,识别主题,获取主要信息。 说 1?能根据提示词说出意思连贯的校园生活的句子。 2?能用简单对话描述校园生活。 3?能根据图片或借助他人帮助描述自己或他人的校园生活。 4?能与他人合作进行角色扮演,表现校园生活。 读 1?能理解简单的书面表达。 2?能准确地朗读课文。 3?能读懂表现校园生活方面的文章,包括校园新闻、海报、遗失声明、失物招领等。 写 能写出表现校园生活方面的简单句子。 能写出简单的校园新闻、海报、遗失声明、失物招领等。 情感培养学生积极向上的情感、活泼开朗的个性、浓厚的学习兴趣和大胆实践的态精神,提高学习效率,培养学生热爱学校生活,乐于学校生活的意识。 度
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学习积极探索适合自己的英语学习方法,利用现实生活中的学习资源,培养任务策型学习方法与技巧。 略 文化意识
西方中学生和中国中学生有很大不同
首先,中国中学生经常步行、骑自行车或乘公共汽车上学,而西方中学生经常步行或坐校车上学,而且班级容量比较小,大约每班20人左右。通常我们的学生有固定的教室,而西方中学生要到不同的教室里上课。他们实行选课制,学生没有班级,每一门课都是学生自己选择老师,学生必须修满规定的学分才能毕业。学校每天从早晨8∶00到下午3∶00有课,每节课45分钟,按要求学生每天要在学校学习6节课。在开学两周之内如果学生不喜欢上课的老师,或者跟不上,可以退课。15至18岁的美国青少年,如果出身于低收入家庭,或者是无家可归的孤儿,可以找一份工作,以养活自己或完成中学学业。快餐店是中学生们打工最集中的地方。大多数美国家长通过家务劳动给自己的孩子零用钱,而且一清二楚。扫院子、打扫室内卫生、倒垃圾,到点就必须干好,互相都不含糊。打扫卫生一个小时通常发10~15美元。
美国中学的学科设置
美国中学的课程设置很灵活,因州而异,但基础课相似。美国中学的数学课教学只是概念教学。例如:在圣安妮学校,中学一年级的数学,第一章内容是2?6+7?9=?,84大于还是小于81?。而第二章的内容是2的7次方=?,353?4÷4?2=?。最后一章的内容也不过是1/4×300=?,3/5×2/4=?。然而,就是这样简单的数学内容,也还是让那些人高马大的美国孩子大伤脑筋。
不过,除了数学,美国中学也设置了其他一些课程,诸如英语(相当于中国的语文)、历史、地理、科学、宗教等。以语文为例,中国的语文只有一本教材,不过250页左右。而美国的英语分有3本教材:一本《英语》,主要讲语法,有534页之多;一本是《拼写》,着重单词的拼写训练,有312页;还有一本《文献》,讲授各类题材的文学作品,厚达812页。不说《英语》、《拼写》,单是《文献》,其内容编排就绝非中国的语文教材所能比拟。不仅文章的内容涵盖小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧、口头传说等各类题材,而且每一题材也都由若干篇不同时代、不同风格、不同写作特色的文章组成。除此之外,还配有背景报道、作者介绍以及文章分析、阅读理解等相关内容。此外,每一课还专门列有相关文章的文献网址,以方便学生课外阅读。
除了英语,美国中学的社会(历史、地理)教学也令人叹为观止。以初一的历史为例,与中国学校历史教材编年史的罗列不同,美国的初一历史并不是简单地告诉学生在哪一年发生了哪些事,而是侧重于让学生知道什么是历史,如何寻找历史与现在的关联,人类如何发现历史。他们通过埃及胡夫金字塔发掘历程的讲述,告诉学生考古学家是怎样去从事考古挖掘的,包括使用什么样的工具,应该如何进行现场发掘记录。他们还通过古罗马历史学家菲利尼对公元79年所发生的维苏威火山爆发的描写,以及1785年画家奥古利克根据菲利尼的描述而创作的油画的比较,让学生去理解什么是历史的第一手资料,什么又是第二手资料。并要求学生对于自己所接触到的历史资料,都问上一声:“谁是作者?这属于哪一类的资料?这个资料形成的过程以及时间是什么?”。最后,他们还根据复活节岛上史前巨石遗迹的考古新发现告诉学生,人类又是如何不断地修正对历史的认识的。
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美国的初中,并不设置物理、化学、生物这类的课程,取而代之的是一门名叫科学的课程,其编排生动有趣。诸如科学的第一章,全章4个小节分为:什么是科学、科学的测量、生命科学的工具、实验室的安全。在讲述什么是科学这样纯理论的内容时,不是简单,教条地让孩子们去掌握所谓科学的定义,而是通过对科学家的科学研究方法的分析,即从问题的发现开始,经过信息的收取而形成一种假说,然后围绕着假说提出实验设计,并进行相关的实验,最后在记录和分析实验数据的基础上得出一个科学的结论。在这里,科学不再高高在上,它已经衍化成为一种方法和态度,从而更容易为孩子们所接受。此外,在生命科学的工具一节中,所介绍给孩子们的科学工具除传统的显微镜、X光之外,更多的篇幅放在了诸如对电子显微镜、计算机断层扫描(CAT)、核磁共振(NMR)以及激光这样的最新生命科学工具的讲述上。像这一类内容,在国内的中学教材中根本不可能涉及。
就以科学为例,在圣安妮学校,科学已成为最受孩子们欢迎的课程。原来,在课本内容之外,老师又增添了许多新的教学内容,简直就是一部《十万个为什么》。
美国中学生课外都读些什么?《穿越风中之洞》、《走向梦中的家园》、《逃离黄星到美国》、《闪亮之星》和《暗夜女巫》等,是美国中学生最爱读的优良课外读物。这5本小说都讴歌了人们积极向上的心态、不怕困难的勇气和百折不挠的意志。像《穿越风中之洞》中的卡特,不怕嘲笑,不怕打击,认定目标,实现自己理想的决心坚定不移;像《逃离黄星到美国》中的英格,历经磨难,饱尝耻辱,终于超越自我,开始新的人生。开拓进取的精神,是一个人事业成功所必备的素质,对一个人的成长具有重要的意义。这一点在美国人身上体现得尤为充分,甚至可以说这是美国的文化特征。
学生家长每个星期都要从学校得到7~8张包括成绩报告、食堂菜单、野餐、俱乐部活动、讲座报告会以及慈善捐献等内容在内的各种类型的“联络信”,还要每月一次被召到学校参加志愿者活动。与此同时,几乎也是每月一次被约定与班主任老师见面,听取老师对孩子科目学习表现的评价以及介绍相关的注意事项。
Additional material
Life in US high schools
A
Most school buildings look the same and have the same types of rooms inside. There is always a gym, a large room for basketball and other sports. There is a lunchroom, a school library, and an auditorium. They have rooms for the school band to practice in, rooms to use computers, workshops to work with paint, wood, metal and other materials.
Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school, students start each day by standing up and saluting the flag. They put their hands over their hearts and say“Pledge of Alleginance”.This is a promise to the country. It helps them think about the USA and its freedom.
B
In the USA, choosing leaders is a large part of high school life. The children decide which student should lead them in the Students’ Council. The council is usually a group of five or six students. About once a month, some of them go to a meeting of the PTSA(Parent Teacher Student Association). There they work with parents and teachers to make their school better.
C
American students learn sports as part of their education. In many schools students learn wrestling, running, tennis, golf and swimming. They have teams for some of these sports,
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too. The games between schools are often very exciting. There is a big football game once a year and a parade afterwards. This is called “Homecoming”. Students who graduate from the school like to return for Homecoming to see their old friends and teachers again. There?s also a special club of cheerleaders. They lead everyone in shouts and cheers. They jump up and down and shout for their football team.
D
For many students in US high schools, the most important things in their lives are making friends, being popular and having a good social life. Many students go out together after school to fast food restaurants, movies or dances.
E
In the USA, students take many tests each year. But these tests also show if teachers are doing their jobs. Teachers have to give their pupils a lot of information in each grade. If they don’t, their students may not learn enough. So the tests are also for teachers. There?s another special test that pupils take each year in all the schools across the country. It shows which school are teaching well. So tests are also for testing schools. Students get report cards four times a year. One copy is sent to the parents and the school keeps a copy. Seventy?one percent of American students graduate from high school and 40 percent of high school students go on to college.
F
In the USA, school buses are the safest way for children to go to school. 24 million children take the school buses every day. On average, students spend an hour and a half each weekday in the school buses. School buses drive more than 4 billion miles each year.
二、教材分析
本单元的交际用语主要是围绕学生的学校生活展开的,谈论学生的上学方式、作息时间、课程安排、业余生活等内容,这些内容为学生所熟悉,便于展开讨论。
本单元的语法内容主要是学习一般现在时、现在进行时以及表示频度的副词。
Topic 1
谈论交通工具、如何上学、日常生活以及校园采访。主要句型: How do you usually go to school? I usually go to school by bike.
How often do you go to the library?
Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Seldom/Never...
三、教学建议
Topic 1
Section A
主要活动:1和3a 课时建议:1~2 教学目标:
1.谈论交通工具及如何上学。
2.学习句型:How do you usually come to school?
I usually come to school by subway.
教学过程:
第一步:复习
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