苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
外文文献资料
（外文文件名：The principle and application of the chip）
1. What is a single-chip?
Single chip computer chip referred to, because of its structure and function is designed according to the requirements of industrial control, so that the exact name of the single chip microcontroller is. It is the function of micro computer parts: CPU, random access memory (ROM, RAM and read-only memory I/O interface, timer/counter and serial communication interface integration on a single chip, constitute a complete micro computer,so it is called the single chip microcomputer.
2. SCM development situation:
As the chip microcomputer, it is a branch of the generation and development and the formation and development of the microprocessor in sync, mainly divided into three stages.
The first stage (1974-1978) : primary microcontroller stage. Intel company with the MCS-48 represented, this series microcontroller on integrated within eight CPU, parallel I/O mouths, eight timer/counters,RAM,no serial I/O port, addressing range is not more than 4K.
The second stage (1978-1983) : high-performance single sails stage. With MCS-51 series, at this stage of the chip with serial I/O port, multilevel interrupt handling system, the timer/counter for 16, RAM and ROM capacity in relative increase, and the range of addresses 64k. This kind of MCU application field extremely extensive, because of their excellent performance, especially suitable for the situation in China, it has been widely used in our country.
The third stage (1988) : 8 bits of SCM and improvement and consolidate the 16-bit single chip launch phase. 16 bits CPU chip except for 16 bits and pieces of RAM, within the capacity of the ROM further increases in RAM chips for 232 bytes, ROM, and chips for 8K bytes with high-speed input/output in parts, multi-channel 10 A/D converter, with eight grade interrupt, etc. In recent years, the 32-bit SCM also has entered the stage of practical.
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
Due to the MCS-48 microcontroller gradually become extinct, but MCS-51 SCM basically can satisfy user series, in addition, the paper describes a series of application-96, therefore, the increasingly wide below mainly introduce the two series of products.
1． MCS-51 series microcontroller (1) the basic
There are 8751 etc, and the 8051, typical product is the basic 805l, its basic characteristics as follows:
① 8 bits CPU and command system ② 128 bytes of RAM chips in ③ 21 specific registers
④ Four eight parallel the I/O port ⑤ 2 a 16-bit timer/counters ⑥ A full-duplex serial port
⑦ 5 the interrupt sources, 2 interrupt priority ⑧ 4K byte piece inside ROM
⑨ A piece inside the clock oscillating circuit ⑩ Slice the extensible a64k ROM and a64k RAM
(2) increased memory unit type such as 8052AH, 8032AH, 8752BH etc, such internal ROM and RAM chip than basic increase times.
(3) low power consumption, 80C3lBH 80C51BH like 87C5l, etc, such CHMOS adopts chip technology, power consumption is low. Outside, still have two 87C51 program storage systems, can prevent illegal copying programs.
(4) A/D
If 80C31GA, 80C51GA, 87C51GA etc, with 8 8 chip such A/D5 half-duplex synchronous serial interface, 16 monitoring timer, Expand the A/D and serial interrupt.
(5) high-level languages
If 8052AH-BASIC, which is explained. MCSBA51C52 curing process BASIC52 language can be mixed with assembly language.
(6) programmable counting array (PCA)
If 83C51FA, 80C51FA, 87C51FA 83C51FB, etc, these are CHMOS device chip, compared with five modules, each module/capture executable 16 capture is
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
jumping trigger, 16 catch negative jump to change triggers, 16 software timer, 16 high-speed output and eight pulse width modulation and so on the function, and has enhanced multicomputer communication serial interface.
(7) the DMA type
The DMA, GSC type, such as 83C152JA, 80Cl 52JA 80C152JB, etc, the special function by the new chip support DMA purpose, register address, DMA source address, DMA byte counting 58 specific registers. Another kind is the DMA, FIFO type, such as 83C452, 80C452, 87C452F etc, has 128 bytes of this chip two-way advanced (FIFO), USES annular array pointer RAM to read and write, management, have two of the same DMA channel, allows one to another memory from memory. High-speed.
(8) more parallel embouchure
If 80C451 83C451, etc, this kind of single-chip increased 28 bits of two-way P5 and a mouth to mp4 and with the internal on eight two-way mouth probe.
Intel company launched in 1983-96 series of MCS 16-bit single chip microcomputer is one of the best products of the chip. It includes A high-performance 16 bits CPU, 8K bytes of program memory, 232 byte of data storage, the function of the I/O port, 10 A/D converter, its main features:
(1) the 16 bits CPU performance
The CPU is the biggest characteristic is adopted, the CPU registers-register structure directly facing 256 bytes of registers space, eliminate the accumulator structure of the bottleneck, greatly improving the operation speed and data throughput capacity.
(2) efficient command system
Instruction system has 16, the instruction, and sign extension of instruction, can manipulate data symbols, many instructions can be used not only to double the operands, also can used for three operands, average instruction execution time for 1-2 corpse s.
(3) has two 16 timer.
Another four parts by high-speed output control software timer. (4) with 256 bytes of internal registers and special registers
Including 232 bytes for internal registers, it has high general-purpose registers and function of RAM.
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
(5)has the 8K bytes of internal program memory
Internal procedures, and memory can be encrypted in operation for an EPROM programming.
(6) has 10 A/D converter
(7)with five of the eight standard input/output (8) with high-speed input/output components (9)has nine interrupt source, eight interrupt priority (10) has 16 monitoring timer.
System software and hardware malfunction, can make the system reset (12)bus structure dynamic configuration into eight or 16, in order to adapt to different bytes of external storage
2. MCS series microcontroller structure characteristics
This section with MCS-51 SCM as an example to introduce the structure characteristics of MCS series microcontroller.
Will the CPU chip structure, the paper describes series in data opened a RAM area, the working registers total 4 groups, and eight registers, provide 32 working registers. In addition to 21 specific registers SFR SFR, SCM system makes the function greatly expanded, SFR, make because of I/O functions derived from more, and use of the timer, SFR can complete the serial port, interrupt logic control.
For example, data and address line low 8 bits can share Po, and time with the other eight high address signals can share P2. Due to the memory and interfaces are in pieces, so just in the I/O port tube feet can be increased, simplify the driver interface design work, improve the single-chip computer peripherals data exchange rate.
MCS series microcontroller internal has full-duplex serial interface, can send and receive messages. Two independent of physical, SBUF buffer, send buffer can write discaculia, receive buffer can only read cannot write.
MCS series microcontroller is specially the internal processor, has strong ability of handling, it has the CLR, SETB, JB, JNB, JBC, CPL began buying, ANL C, and the Nt, ANL ORL C, and MOV ORL C, Nt, MOV bit C alleles instructions.
3. MCS series microcontroller applications
MCS series microcontroller application range is very wide, based on the using
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
condition can be divided into four categories as follows.
1. Microcomputer in the application of instruments
SCM has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, control function. It can widely used in all kinds of instruments (including temperature, humidity, flow velocity, and voltage and frequency, power, thickness, Angle, length, hardness, element, pressure measurement, etc.), introducing digital single-chip makes instrumentation, intelligent, miniaturization, and function improved greatly. For example, precision digital thermometer, intelligent meter, velometers, microcomputer intelligent multi-functional PH tester etc.
2. application in industry measurement and control chip
MCU can constitute various industrial control system and adaptive control system,the data acquisition system, etc.For example, Mcs-51 single-chip microcomputer control electroplating production line, greenhouse climate control, alarm system manual control, IBM PC/XT and the secondary chip computer control system, etc.
3. microcomputer in the computer network and communication technology application
MCS series microcontroller has the communication interface chip computer network, as in the application and communications equipment provides favorable conditions. For example, the paper describes series single chip microcomputer control system, automatic call response serial train wireless communication system, the paper describes MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer control system etc wireless remote control.
4. in daily life and MCU application
SCM more and more widely used in daily life and appliance of intelligent electrical products, such as electronic, computer, computer, bank interest rate monitors, sewing machine, electric control, color TV sets, washing machines, control control system, etc.
4. the MCS series microcontroller exploitation and development tools In the practical application, single-chip microcontroller most attention is the product research and development, using what what development means and what tools.
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