苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
SCM development includes both hardware and software, only when the SCM and other electronic devices and equipment, and to form a hardware system configuration proper working procedure, to constitute a microcomputer application system. Microcontroller itself no self development function, must use tools to generate program, eliminate the software and hardware malfunction target system, and the program with development tool to solidify an EPROM chip microcontroller internal or external.
Microcomputer application system hardware and software debugging, need special tools (usually for a particular computer system), called the MCU development system or called simulator. Often USES the method of the development of the system is developed and the RAM temporarily loaned CPH user system, developed by the user's system software and hardware system of testing (also called the simulation), and prepared to BPROM, curing process in the system restore users of CPU and RAM, the user operation system independently, if meet the design requirements, developing work completed.
SCM development system should have the following four basic features: 1.the hardware circuit and diagnosis 2.the user program modified input, 3.the operation commissioning procedures, 4.program
For a perfect development system, and also equipped with the assembly and disassembly procedures, the program text printing and dump, has the ability to run at full speed tracking debugging.
Strong function, and convenient operation, the SCM development system can accelerate the microcomputer application system development. Many domestic manufacturers according to our country's developed with 8031 as the development of the chip-51 SCM development system MCS. For example, the production of qidong computer DVCC series microcontroller development system, can provide users with RS, RAM a64k-232 interface, and PC, and two-way communication 8751EPRoM to read the content 8051BOM writing, etc. Function.
With the enlargement of the application of SCM, development of the functional unit price is becoming stronger and more and more low, it is further popularized microcontroller provides a good tool.
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
5. MCS - 51 hardware structure
Since 1976, Intel company launched the first American general MCS48 generation 8 bits of 20 years since the series microcontroller, microcontroller technology vigorous development, quality and performance, application fields in increasing expanding. Currently the world semiconductor company development and production of series microcontroller, distinctive and powerful, complete varieties. Believed to have dozens of varieties, the more series, can satisfy the needs of all kinds of system design. An SCM, with its small size, low price and won the market and customers. Now they are process control, intelligent instrument and electromechanical integration and household appliances in the field play an important role of control. Therefore, also called micro controller chip.
Micro controller variety, but though our country and even the world application scope, the strongest function test, 16-bit machine of Hitachi H8/3048 series, 8 bits from the company is k2b1 MCS-51 series, especially the 80C51 additional company in China and its derivative products, was popular. Friends of the lightning MEL company controller AT89C51 is taken shape memory, thus replaced MCS-51 series EP5 old M type products. Le2s 1.20-51 series early MCS-51 micro controller series includes the following each species 08051 this is the initial MCS-51 family members, 1981 start production.
The characteristics are as follows:
·With the most suitable for control, CPU28 bits ·strengthen the Boolean logic unit processing capacity ·Article 32 bits, by addressing the bidirectional sunken line s ·128 bytes of data in storage
·The two 16, increasing regular/counters
·Van full-duplex general asynchronous receiving/transmitter (UAILT) ·Two priority level, the five source interrupt structure ·Within the piece; clock oscillator ·4k bytes, program memory chips
·With k bytes, memory address space program ·A64k memory address data bytes
Still another two variants, 8051 is no piece of program memory chips have
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
within an EPROM 8031 and the 8751. But the latter has not production, and 8751H is replaced.
This chip is 8051AH with new HMOSH technology and other aspects, with 8051 exactly the same. 8031AH for no piece inside 8051AH ROM 8751AH: on the EP rib M replaced the mask 8051AH ROM.
8052AH and 8052AH for enhanced by the 8051, also EgL60SH technology, with 8051 upwards compatibility. It is better than the 8051 lies in:
·256 bytes of piece inside RAM ·Three time/counter ·Six source interrupt structure ·8k bytes of memory chips program
8752BH and 8032AH respectively with EP5LOM within and without slice pieces of variant in ROM. 8052 still a single species, called 8052AH - BASIC, its pieces in all resides in ROM is BASIC process.
80C51BH 8 still 1 CHMOS variant called, both 80C51BH function fully compatible. But you know, CMOS circuit characteristic is its low power consumption, since 80C51BH is CHMOS, high-speed production, CMOS, of course it is with the functions are still S chips less power-hungry 8051.
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
中文翻译稿
翻译：苏州大学 应用技术学院 08电子信息科学与技术转 成冲
2010年1月
（中文名：单片机的原理与应用）
一、什么是单片机
单片微型计算机简称单片机，由于它的结构及功能均是按工业控制要求设计的，所以，其确切的名称应是单片微控制器(Single Chip Microcontroller)。它是把微型计算机的各个功能部件：中央处理器CPU、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、I/O接口、定时器/计数器以及串行通信接口等集成在一块芯片上，构成一个完整的微型计算机，所以它被称为单片机技术。
二、单片机发展概况
单片机作为微型计算机的一个分支，它的产生与发展和微处理器的产生与发展大体同步，主要分为三个阶段。
第一阶段(1974—1978)：初级单片机阶段。以Intel公司的MCS-48为代表，这个系列的单片机在片内集成了8位CPU、并行I/0口、8位定时器/计数器、RAM等，无串行I/O口，寻址范围不大于4K。
第二阶段(1978—1983)：高性能单片机阶段。以MCS-51系列为代表，这个阶段的单片机均带有串行I/O口，具有多级中断处理系统，定时器/计数器为16位，片内RAM和ROM容量相对增大，且寻址范围可达64K。这类单片机的应用领域极其广泛，由于其优良的性价比，特别适合我国的国情，故在我国得到广泛的应用。
第三阶段(1988年至今)：8位单片机巩固、完善及16位单片机推出阶段。16位单片机除了CPU为16位以外，片内RAM和ROM的容量进一步增大，片内RAM增加为232字节，ROM为8K字节，且片内带有高速输入/输出部件、多通道10位A/D转换器，具有8级中断等。近年来，32位单片机也已进入实用阶段。
由于MCS-48单片机逐步趋于淘汰，而MCS-51系列单片机基本上可以满足用户的般要求，另外，MCS-96系列的应用也日趋广泛，故下面主要介绍这两个系列的产品。
1．MCS-51系列单片机
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苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：英文翻译
(1)基本型
有8031、8051、8751等，基本型的典型产品是805l，其基本特性如下： ①具有8位的CPU及指令系统； ②128字节的片内RAM； ③21个特殊功能寄存器； ④4个8位并行I/O口； ⑤2个16位定时器/计数器；
⑥一个全双工串行口；
⑦5个中断源，2个中断优先级； ⑧4K字节片内ROM； ⑨一个片内时钟振荡电路； ⑩片外可扩展64K ROM和64K RAM。
(2)增加内存单元型如8052AH、8032AH、8752BH等，此类单片机的内部ROM和RAM比基本型增加n倍。
(3)低功耗型 如80C51BH、80C3lBH、87C5l等，此类单片机均采用CHMOS工艺，故功耗很低。87C51还具有两级程序存储器保密系统，可防止非法拷贝程序。
(4)A/D型
如80C31GA、80C51GA、87C51GA等，此类单片机带有8路8位A/D半双工同步串行接口；16位的监视定时器；扩展了A/D及串行口中断。
(5)高级语言型
如8052AH-BASIC，其中固化有MCSBA51C52解释程序。BASIC52语言可与汇编语言混用。
(6)可编程计数阵列(PCA)型
如83C51FA、80C51FA、87C51FA、83C51FB等，此类单片机都是CHMOS器件，具有5个比较/捕捉模块，每个模块可执行16位捕捉正跳变触发，16位捕捉负跳变触发，16位软件定时器，16位高速输出以及8位脉宽调制等功能，并且具有增强的多机通信串行接口。
(7)DMA型
一类为DMA、GSC型，如83C152JA、80Cl 52JA、80C152JB等，该类单片机由新增的特殊功能寄存器支持，具有DMA目的地址、DMA源地址、DMA字节计数等58个特殊功能寄存器。另一类为DMA、FIFO型，如83C452、80C452、87C452F等，此类单片机具有128字节的双向先进先出(FIFO)RAM阵列，采用环形指针管理读和写，有两个相同的DMA通道，允许从一个存储器到另一个存储器的高速传送。
(8)多并行口型
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