动词时态教案[1]

英语教研组 第 页 教 学 内 容 动词时态 1.动词的四种形式 教学重、难点 2.不规则动词表 3.动词的八种时态的用法 教 学 过 程 一、动词的基本形式：英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 1.动词的基本构成及形式： 形式 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 构成 词典中一般给出的形式 在动词原形后+ s 以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词后+ es 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ es have─has 现在分词 在动词原形后+ ing 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ ing 以重读闭音节结尾的词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ing 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ ing 过去式与在动词原形后+ ed 过去分词以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ ed (规则变化) 以重读闭音节结尾的词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ed 说明：①词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/ d/. ②词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t /,/d /后读/ z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/, /dz/. 例词 be, have, come, do run—runs, like—likes teach—teaches, wash—washes, go—goes, pass—passes try—tries, study—studies read—reading write—writing, have—having swim—swimming, dig—digging die—dying, lie—lying work—worked carry—carried, study—studied stop—stopped, plan—planned 2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词： 原型 1.AAA型 cost cut hit cost cut hit cost cut hit put read set put read[red] set put read[red] set 过去式 过去分词 原型 过去式 过去分词 英语教研组 第 页 hurt let beaten become come 过去分词 原型 shut hurt run 过去式 shut hurt ran shut hurt run 过去分词 hurt let 2.AAB型 beat 3.ABA型 become come 原型 4.ABB型 hurt let beat became came 过去式 (1)原型后加d或t: burn hear learn (2)原型改d为t build lend (3)其他 bring buy catch dig feel fight find get hang have,has hide hold keep lay leave lose make 5.ABC型 brought bought caught dug felt fought found got had hid held kept laid left lost made brought bought caught dug felt fought found got had hid (hidden) held kept laid left lost made meet pay say sell shine sit sleep smell spill spit stand sweep teach tell think understand win met paid said sold shone (shined) sat slept smelt (smelled) spilt spat stood swept taught told thought understood won met paid said sold shone (shined) sat slept smelt (smelled) spilt spat stood swept taught told thought understood won built lent built lent send spend sent spent sent spent burnt heard learnt burnt heard learnt mean spoil meant spoilt meant spoilt hung (hanged) hung (hanged) 英语教研组 第 页 blown drawn driven eaten fallen 过去分词 given grown known broken chosen forgotten frozen begun drunk rung been been done flown mistake ride rise see show 原型 take throw write sink speak wake sing swim go lie wear mistook rode rose saw showed 过去式 took threw wrote sunk (sank) spoke woke sang swam went lay wore mistaken ridden risen seen shown 过去分词 taken thrown writen sunken (sunk) spoken woken sung swum gone lain worn (1)原型后加n或en: blow draw drive eat fall 原型 give grow know break choose forget freeze begin drink ring (4)其他 be (am,is) be (are) do fly was were did flew blew drew drove ate fell 过去式 gave grew knew broke chose forgot froze began drank rang (2)过去式后加n或en (3)改i为a(过去式）和u（过去分词) 二、动词的时态：在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,初中阶段学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下： 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时： ①do ②does 一般过去时：did 进行 现在进行时： am/is/are doing 过去进行时： was/were doing 完成 现在完成时：has/have done 过去完成时： had done(初三学) 完成进行 现在完成进行时： has/have been doing 一般将来时：①am/is/are going to do ②will/shall do 过去将来时：①was/were going to do ②would/should do 1.一般现在时： (1)构成：①动词原形 ②动词第三人称单数形式 英语教研组 第 页 (2)形式： ①be动词： 肯定句：主语＋am/is/are＋表语(n./pron./adj.) eg：I am/I’m a student. You are/You’re a student. He is/He’s/She is/She’s a student. It is/It’s an apple. We are/We’re/You are/You’re/They are/They’re students. They are/They’re mine. It is/It’s rainy. 否定句：主语＋am/is/are＋not＋表语(n./pron./adj.) eg：I am not/I’m not a student. You are not/You’re not/You aren’t a student. He is not/He’s not/He isn’t a student. She is not/She’s not/She isn’t a student. It is not/It’s not/It isn’t an apple. We are not/We’re not/We aren’t students. They are not/They’re not/They aren’t students. They are not/They’re not/They aren’t mine. It is not/It’s not/It isn’t rainy. 疑问句：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋表语(n./pron./adj.) eg：Am I a student? Are you a student? Is he/she a student? Is it an apple? Are we/you/they students? Are they yours? Is it rainy? ②其它动词： 肯定句：主语＋动词原形/第三人称单数形式(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I/You/We/You/They study English every day. He/She studies English every day. It rains every day. 否定句：主语＋don’t/doesn’t(第三人称单数)＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I/You/We/You/They don’t study English every day. He/She doesn’t study English every day. It doesn’t rain every day. 疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：Do I/You/We/You/They study English every day? Does he/she study English every day? Does it rain every day? (3)用法： ①表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态 eg：I go to school every day except Sunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。(动作) There are 50 students in our class.我们班上有50名学生。(状态) ②表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 (注：无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中) eg：The earth is round.地球是圆的。 The teacher said the sun is bigger than the earth.老师说太阳比地球大。 ③表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解) eg：She likes basketball games.她喜欢篮球比赛。(兴趣) I want a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。(心理状态) ④在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作, “主将从现” 关键词：if, when, as soon as等 eg：As soon as I get there, I’ll call you up.我一到那就打电话给你。 I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you. 英语教研组 第 页 我不知道明天他是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。 I don’t know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes, I will tell you. 我不知道明天他什么时候会来。当他来的时候，我会告诉你。 (4)时间状语(标志)：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, on Sundays/Mondays/…, every morning/afternoon/…/day/week/…/minute/second/Sunday/Monday… 练习：1.My father is very busy. He ___________(go) to work early every morning. 2.If he ________ harder, he will catch up with (赶上) us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 3. Mother told me the moon________(go)around the earth. 2.一般过去时： (1)构成：动词的过去式 (2)形式： ①be动词： 肯定句：主语＋was/were＋表语 eg：I/He/She/It was there. We/You/They were there. 否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋表语 eg：I/He/She/It was not there. We/You/They were not there. 疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋表语 eg：Was I/he/she/it there? Were we/you/they there? ②其它动词： 肯定句：主语＋动词的过去式(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I/You/He/She/We/You/They worked there. It rained yesterday. 否定句：主语＋did not/didn’t＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I/You/He/She/We/You/They did not/didn’t work there. It did not/didn’t rain yesterday. 疑问句：Did＋主语＋动词原形(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：Did I/you/he/she/we/you/they work there? Did it rain yesterday? (3)用法： ①表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 eg：He went to Beijing yesterday morning.他昨天早上去北京了。(动作) There were 1000 students in our school last year.我们学校去年有1000名学生。(状态) ②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 eg：Mary got up too late, and didn’t have enough time for breakfast. 玛丽起得太迟了,都没有足够的时间吃早饭。 ③有些表示主语心理状态的词,用一般过去时时,要注意其含义(了解) eg：I didn’t know you were in Paris.我本不知道你在巴黎。(因为我在说话时,已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示.实际上这句话暗指：But now I know you are in Paris.)