动词时态教案[1](3)

英语教研组 第 页 Has he/she done it? Has it been a long time since I met you? (3)用法： ①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在仍有影响。 eg：She has been ill for three days.她已经病了3天了。(影响：她现在身体很不好) He has studied English for three years.他已经学了3年英语了。(影响：他现在会一点英语) ②表示过去已经开始,持续到现在并还可能继续下去的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(注：此时的谓语动词多是延续性动词) eg：I’ve known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷三年了。 eg：They have lived there since 1996.自1996年以来他们就住在这了。 eg：We’ve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。 注：for＋一段时间； since＋①一段时间＋ago ②过去的时间点 ③从句：从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 对for/since短语提问,要用how long eg：She’s been there for over two years.→ How long has she been there? She’s been there since over two years ago. → How long has she been there? ③表示曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发生了多次。 eg：She has never been to Egypt before.以前我从没去过埃及。 I have been to Beijing twice/three times.我去过北京两次/三次。 ④终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词)：如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。 eg：I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.(√). eg：I left Shanghai three days ago. (√) eg：It has been three days since I left Shanghai.(√) 终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法： (1)将时间状语改为时间段＋ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。eg. My brother joined the army two years ago.我弟弟参军两年了。 (2)若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下： 终止性动词 borrow/lend buy lose fall asleep 延续性动词 keep/have have be lost be asleep 终止性动词 finish/end begin/start become fall ill 延续性动词 be over be on be be ill 终止性动词 open/close die put on get to know 延续性动词 be open/closed be dead wear know 英语教研组 第 页 catch/get a cold 延续性动词 be away(from)/ be out of 延续性动词 be in /be a…member be in the army/ be a soldier be back have a cold begin to study study 终止性动词 go to school 终止性动词 receive/get a letter join the Party arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to 常once, twice, ever, never等连用。 延续性动词 be in school/ be a student 延续性动词 have a letter be in the Party \\ be a Party member be in /at / be here /be there get up/out 终止性动词 leave 终止性动词 join be up/out join the army return/come back/ get back ⑤have/has been to＋某地：到过某地,说明去过,而且说话时已经回来了, have/has gone to＋某地：说明去某地,说话时还没有回来。 have/has been in/at＋某地：表示逗留在某地已经一段时间,常和for ten days, since I came here等连用 eg：She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) eg：She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) eg：She has been in Shanghai for ten days. (4)时间状语：already(肯定句), yet(否定或疑问句), still, just, ever, never, since, for, before, so far, lately, recently, in the past/last three years…, once/twice…,… 练习：1.It's a long time since we _________ (meet) last, hasn't it? 2. My father_________ home for nearly three weeks. A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away 3. Xu Ping ________ to Japan only once. A. went B. had gone C. was D. has been 8.现在完成进行时：(了解) (1)构成：have/has + been ＋现在分词(doing形式) (2)形式： 肯定句：主语＋have/has＋been＋现在分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I have been working for ten hours. 否定句：主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋现在分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：I have not been working for ten hours. 疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：Has he been working for ten hours? 注：实际上现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构 (3)用法：基本与现在完成时相同,不同的是现在完成进行时强调动作的重复和动作的持续,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 eg：Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗？ 英语教研组 第 页 另外：现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。 eg：Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？ (还剩余一些) Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了？ (强调吃得一个不剩) 9.过去完成时： (1)构成：had＋动词的过去分词 (2)形式： 肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：He had finished his work before I came here. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：He had not finished his work before I came here. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词(＋宾语)(＋状语) eg：Had he finished his work before I came here? (3)用法： ①表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作, 即过去的过去。 图示：—————————·—————————·—————————·→时间 更早的动作 过去某时或 现在 (用过去完成时) 另一过去的动作 eg：The class had already begun when I came to school. 当我来到学校时, 已经开始上课了。 eg：He had gone home before I got to his office. 我到他办公室以前, 他已经回家了 ②包含when, as soon as, before, after, until等的句子中, 若主句谓语和从句谓语所表示的过去的动作是在不同时间发生的, 那么, 先发生的动作用过去完成时, 后发生的动作用一般过去时。 eg：I told them after you had left. 你走后我就告诉了他们。 eg：I had been at the bus stop for twenty minutes when a bus finally came. 我在公共汽车站等了20分钟, 汽车终于来了。 ③宾语从句中, 若主句时过去时, 则从句中的现在完成时, 要改为过去完成时。 eg：Mrs Brown asked him if he had got any E-mails from his parents since last Friday. (4)时间状语：by+过去时间点, when, 多数情况要根据上下文确定. 练习：1. They _______________ (learn) about 20 English songs by the end of last term. 2. Class _______________ (begin) when they got to school. 3. I was told he _______________ (study) in No. 18 Middle School for about 3 years. 配 套 练 习 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. —Where is Jim now? —He __________ (water) some flowers in the garden. 2. Mr Green is an engineer. He __________ (work) in China for about two years. 3. They __________ (talk) about the TV play when I came into the room yesterday. 4. Our country __________ (send) up another man-made satellite next year. 5. Young man! If you__________ (be) late again, you’ll lose your job. 6. —Rick! Your jacket is wet through. Didn’t you listen to the weather report this morning? —No, I didn’t. I was in a hurry. Besides, it __________ (not rain) when I left. 英语教研组 第 页 7. It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you __________ (start) cooking dinner yet, Sally. 8. —May I use your English-Chinese dictionary? —Sorry. I __________ (leave) it at home this morning. 9. Don’t worry. I __________ (give) the note to Helen as soon as she comes back. 10.Look! What a clean room! Who __________ (tidy) it? 11.Listen! The radio says a serious accident __________ (happen) last night. 12.Don’t make a noise. The baby __________ (sleep). 13.There __________ (be) a football match in your school next month. 14.I’m sorry, you missed the train. It __________ (leave) ten minutes ago. 15.I don’t know when he __________ (come). I’ll tell you when he __________ (come). 16.The film __________ (be) on for ten minutes when I got there. 17.While he __________ (watch) TV, someone knocked at the door. 18.I was told he __________ (come) the next day. 19.The market __________ (be) open in a few years, won’t it? 20.—Why not go to see the film? —Because I __________ (see) it. 21.Our science teacher told us that the earth __________ (circle) around the sun. 22.How many English words __________ you __________ (learn) so far? 23.By the end of the second half of the match, he __________ (score) the fourth goal. 24.Who __________ (teach) you Chinese last year? 25.The twins __________ (decorate) the Christmas tree at this time yesterday. 26.There __________ (be) great changes in China in the last 20 years. 27.You mustn’t watch TV while you __________ (do) your homework. 28. __________ the twins __________ (return) in two weeks? 29.Nobody knew what __________ (happen) in 100 years. 30.He didn’t tell me he __________ (know) her before. 31.His parents __________ (live) here since 1949. 32.I really forgot if I __________ (lock) the door before I left. 33.I’ll tell him the news as soon as he __________ (reach) Nanjing. 34.—Oh, it’s raining heavily outside! —When __________ it __________ (begin)? 35.It’s late at night. Dad __________ still __________ (work) at the desk. 36.When he got there, the Smith family __________ (have) supper. 二、改写下列句子, 使其与原句相符 1. It’s a long time since we met last time. We haven’t seen each other __________ __________. 2. Half an hour ago. The Cat Play began. The Cat Play has __________ __________ __________ half an hour ago. 3. She became a doctor at the age of 20. She __________ __________a doctor since she __________ 20. 4. The Browns came to China three years ago. The Browns __________ __________ __________ China __________ three years. 英语教研组 第 页 5. I borrowed the book last week. I __________ __________ the book __________ last week. 6. His uncle died two years ago. His uncle __________ __________ __________ for two years.