老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案
(A) progressive (B) popular (C) thrifty
(D) well-established
13 The author mentions ―fish‖ in line 4 because (A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox 14. The word \ (A) fresh meat (B) the Civil War (C) ice
(D) a refrigerator
15. According to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox? (A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars (B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice (C) The use of insufficient insulation (D) Inadequate understanding of physics
16. The word \ (A) growing (B) undeveloped (C) necessary (D) uninteresting
17. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would (A) completely prevent ice from melting (B) stop air from circulating (C) allow ice to melt slowly (D) use blankets to conserve ice
18. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been \
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老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore s farm (B) Moore was an honest merchant (C) Moore was a prosperous farmer (D) Moore's design was fairly successful
19. According to the passage, Moore's icebox allowed him to (A) charge more for his butter (B) travel to market at night (C) manufacture butter more quickly (D) produce ice all year round
20. The \ (A) iceboxes (B) butter (C) ice (D) markets Questions 21-30
Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to \out money. Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists in various categories of creativity: architecture, musical composition, theater, novels, serious poetry, light verse, painting, sculpture. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially—once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble The awards and prizes total about $750,000 a year, but most of them range in size from $5,000 to $12,500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not bring in that much money in a year. One of the advantages of the awards is that many go to the struggling artists, rather than to those who are already successful.
Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes. Another advantage is that, unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money involved.
Awards are made by committee. Each of the three departments—Literature (120 members), Art (83), Music (47)—has a committee dealing with its own field. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.
The most financially rewarding of all the Academy-Institute awards are the Mildred and Harold Strauss Livings. Harold Strauss, a devoted editor at Alfred A. Knopf, the New York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were wealthy and childless. They left the Academy-Institute a unique bequest: for five consecutive years, two distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they
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老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案
could devote themselves entirely to \literature\(no plays, no poetry, and no paying job that might distract). In 1983, the first Strauss Livings of $35,000 a year went to short-story writer Raymond Carver and novelist-essayist Cynthia Ozick. By 1988, the fund had grown enough so that two winners, novelists Diane Johnson and Robert Stone, each got $50,000 a year for five years. 21. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Award-winning works of literature (B) An organization that supports the arts (C) The life of an artist
(D) Individual patrons of the arts
22. The word \ (A) only (B) honorable (C) common (D) official
23. The word \ (A) assures (B) finances (C) schedules (D) publishes
24. Which of the following can be inferred about Alice Walker's book In Love and Trouble! (A) It sold more copies than The Poorhouse Fair. (B) It described the author's visit to Rome. (C) It was a commercial success.
(D) It was published after The Poorhouse Fair.
25. Each year the awards and prizes offered by the Academy-Institute total approximately (A) $12.500 (B) $35,000 (C) $50.000 (D) $750,000
26. The word \ (A) practitioners
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老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案
(B) advantages (C) awards (D) strugglers
27. What is one of the advantages of the Academy-Institute awards mentioned in the passage? (A) They are subsidized by the government. (B) They are often given to unknown artists.
(C) They are also given to Academy-Institute members.
(D) They influence how the National Endowment for the Arts makes its award decisions. 28. The word \ (A) alternates (B) participates (C) decides (D) meets
29. The word \ (A) Mildred and Harold Strauss (B) years (C) writers (D) plays
30. Where in the passage does the author cite the goal of the Academy-Institute? (A) Lines 1-3 (B) Lines 12-13 (C) Lines 19-20 (D) Lines 22-23 Questions 31-41
Archaeological records—paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands—indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for examples, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the example. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed. Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.
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老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案
Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker). Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modem Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis, seem to have been predominantly right-handed, as we are. 31. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Human ancestors became predominantly right-handed when they began to use tools. (B) It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use. (C) Humans and their ancestors have been predominantly right-handed for over a million years. (D) Human ancestors were more skilled as using both hands than modern humans. 32. The word \ (A) outline (B) hand (C) wall (D) paint
33. What does the author say about Cro-Magnon paintings of hands? (A) Some are not very old.
(B) It is unusual to see such paintings. (C) Many were made by children. (D) The artists were mostly right-handed.
34. The word \ (A) tools (B) designs (C) examples
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