第五章 英译汉
解题小贴士
英译汉部分要求翻译单句，而不是段落或篇章，因此，相对而言比较简单。 1．重点分析句子结构
（1）确定语法现象和惯用句型:英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有：时态、语态、主语
从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象，才不至于对句子产生误解。
（2）熟悉固定搭配词组和习惯用法:英译汉考题中还常常会设计一个关键的考点——
固定搭配的词组和习惯表达法，以考查考生对词汇的掌握和运用情况。在理解这些习惯用语时会感到很困难，因为如果仅仅从组成某个习惯用语的单词的字面上来理解其含义就会出偏差，造成原意走样，甚至毫无意思。
（3）熟练掌握过渡连接词:过渡连接词是使上下文的连接自然、紧凑的有效方法，使
文章整体具有结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性。同时也必须指出语义的衔接与连贯不应仅停留在形式上，还要靠意义在逻辑上的顺延与衔接。因此，熟练掌握过渡连接词能充分把握住原文的意图和考题的出题思路 2．英译汉的表达有两大类: 直译和意译
（1）直译法：一般来说，在语言条件许可的情况下，应该尽可能地用直译，使译文
既能保持原文的内容，又能保持原文的形式和风格。
（2）意译法：为使译文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息，在翻译中遇到两种文化差
异特别大时，用直译无法使译文传达信息，就要仔细寻找母语对应的表达方式，作出各种必要的转换，进行意译。
【练习题和译文】
1. I think everyone knows how to swim.
我认为人人都知道怎样游泳。
2. I don’t know who broke the window.
我不知道是谁打破窗户的。
3. He doesn’t know what life means to him.
他不知道生活对他意味着什么。
4. I was wondering who broke the window.
我想知道是谁打碎了窗户。
5. I do want to know what really happened.
我真的想知道到底发生了什么。
6. I think the picture shows us how fruit is necessary to life.
我认为这幅画给我们展示了水果对于我们的生活是必需的。 7. I think she will change her mind tomorrow.
我认为明天她会改变主意的。
8. I think our dream will become true.
我想我们的梦想会成真。
9. I don’t think he can operate the new type of computer.
我认为他不会操作新款电脑。 10. I’m sure we’ll have a good time.
我确信我们会过得很愉快。
11. The doctor said there was nothing wrong with his eyes.
医生说他的眼睛没有问题。
12. My problem is that I don’t have much time to do the work.
我的问题是，我没有太多时间做这项工作。
13. The little boy wanted to exchange his toy for my cake.
这个小男孩想用他的玩具来换我的蛋糕。
14. Our teacher always encourages us to speak English bravely.
我们的老师总是鼓励我们大胆地讲英语。
15. You must always remember not to cheat in exams. 你必须永远记住考试不要作弊。
16. He stopped to smoke. / He stopped smoking.
他停下来去抽烟。/ 他停止了抽烟。（两句都考到） 17. The doctor told me to drink more water. 医生告诉我要多喝水。
18. I plan to play football with my classmates. 我打算与我的同学踢足球。
19. Flight 220 is scheduled to arrive at 10:30 pm. 220航班定于晚上10时30分到达。
20. The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.
医生们决定亲自去看看这个奇怪的人。
21. Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.
泰德和威廉在同一屋檐下已经生活五年了。 22. I’ve lost interest in my work.
我对我的工作已经失去兴趣了。
23. A great many changes have taken place in China since the policy of reform and opening to
the outside world.
自从对外改革开放以来，中国已经发生了许多变化。
24. Jack and Tom have worked in the same company for ten years. 杰克和汤姆已经在同一家公司工作10年了。 25. Have you seen Tom recently?
你最近看见过汤姆吗？
26. How long have you collected your stamps?
你集邮有多久了？
27. I’ve been so busy lately, and I haven’t had time to call anybody.
最近我很忙，我都没时间打电话给任何人。
28. Li Ping’s father has been an English teacher since he graduated from Peking University.
李萍的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直做英语老师。
29. Wang Li’s father has taught English here since he has graduated from Peking University.
王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。 30. I’ve never heard such good music in a computer game.
我从来没有在电脑游戏中听到过这么好的音乐。 31. I’ve just come back from Britain.
我刚从英国回来。
32. He told me that he had lived in America for 10 years before he came to China.
他告诉我在来到中国前他在美国已生活十年了。 33. The plan has been over fulfilled by now.
目前，已经超额完成了计划。
34. John has been teaching English here since he came to China in 2003.
约翰2003年来到中国后就一直在这里教英语。 35. He has been learning English for years.
他学习英语已经好多年了。
36. I expect she will have changed her mind by tomorrow.
我估计她明天会改变主意。
37. It is known to all that exercises are good for health.
众所周知，运动对身体有利。
38. As is known to all, China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
39. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China.
众所周知，北京是中国的首都。
40. A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal.
众所周知，狗一直是聪明而友好的动物。 41. As was expected, he passed the exam easily.
果不出所料，他轻而易举地通过了考试。
42. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for walk.
很快，就到了我朋友带杰克散步的时间。 43. It is indeed a most pressing problem.
这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。
44. It is no good hoping to read all these books.
指望能够读完所有这些书是毫无意义的。 45. It is necessary to take medicine on time.
按时吃药很有必要。
46. It’s always a pleasure to see many friends here in London.
很荣幸能在伦敦这里见到这么多朋友。
47. It’s their duty to look after these young trees.
照看这些小树是他们的职责。
48. It is certain that we shall produce this kind of engine.
我们应生产这种引擎，这点很明确。 49. Some people find it difficult to ask for help.
有些人发现求他人帮忙很难。
50. Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages.
乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢一些，但是它也有自己的优势。 51. My classmates are cleverer than I am.
我的同学比我聪明。
52. Inside, this large plane looks more like a high building than a plane.
从里面看，这架巨大的飞机看起来更像一座高大的建筑，而不像飞机。 53. Fires may do more damage than the earthquakes.
火灾所造成的损失可能比地震还严重。 54. The teacher came earlier than expected.
老师来得比预期的早。
55. Air pollution is more serious than water pollution.
空气污染比水污染严重。
56. Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世界上没有东西比光的速度更快。 57. Jack works harder than before.
杰克比以前更努力工作。
58. You’ll find in English some words can be remembered more easily than the others.
你会发现一些英语单词比另一些更容易记住。
59. The moon looks much bigger than any other stars in the sky.
在天空中月球比其他恒星看上去要大得多。 60. This box can hold more books than that one.
这个箱子比那个箱子能装更多的书。
61. He prefers coffee to tea. / I prefer coffee to tea.
与茶相比，他更喜欢咖啡。/ 与茶相比，我更喜欢咖啡。 62. Our library is as big as theirs.
我们的图书馆和他们的一样大。
63. Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.
纸张是人类发明的最重要的产品之一。
64. The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water,
rocks, etc.
大气中的气体、水、岩石等都是无机材料中最普通的实例。 65. He is one of the greatest writers in the world.
他是世界上最伟大的作家之一。
66. This is the most wonderful day of my life, because I’m here with you.
今天是我一生中最精彩的一天，因为我和你在一起。
67. Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have ever lived in China.
李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。
68. She was the only daughter and the youngest child of five.
她是家里的独生女，也是五个孩子中最小的。
69. The greater amount of time you spent learning English, the greater progress you are likely
to make.
你投入英语学习的时间越多，可能取得的进步就越大。
70. The more experiences we have, the more capable we are likely to be. 我们经历得越多，我们的能力就会越强。
71. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. 我们越有激情，我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多。
72. The more you read the text, the easier you will find it to understand it. 你把课文读得越透，你会发现越容易理解它。 73. The more money I make, the happier I will be.
我钱挣得越多，我越高兴。
74. He is in the world a famous pop music star.
他是世界上著名的流行音乐明星。
75. In the world, the soccer football is the most popular sport.
在世界上，英式足球是最流行的体育运动。
76. In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.
在世界其他国家，你找不到像这样的植物。
77. In no other region in the world can you find such rare animals as giant pandas.
在世界其他地区，你找不到像大熊猫这样的珍稀动物。
78. From the East Coast to the West Coast it is about 3,000 miles wide.
东西海岸相距约3000英里。
79. Only on weekends, Central Park is closed to cars.
只有在周末，中央公园不许汽车入内。 80. But Little Smart is not really that smart.
小灵通不是真的那么灵通。
81. In the United States a lot of college students do not live at home.
在美国，许多大学生不住在家里。
82. Please give this book to whoever comes first.
请把这本书给第一个来的人。 83. Give me your advice.
给我你的建议吧。
84. I sent him a Christmas card last year.
去年的圣诞，我送给他一张贺卡。 85. I’m having a headache now.
我现在头痛。
86. A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.
我一个高中的同学现在正在英国工作。 87. He was all sweating.
他当时全身都在出汗。
88. He’s growing more like his father now.
他现在长得更像他爸爸了。
89. I am writing this letter to complain about the service in your hotel.
我写这封信的目的是要投诉你们酒店的服务。 90. We are getting ready for our English examination. 我们正在准备英语考试。
91. He is always making excuses for being late.