毕业论文
汽车制动系常见故障及原因分析
姓名：栗新越 学号：
指导老师：秦思文
完成日期：2016年1月22日至2016年1月29日
摘要
汽车制动系统是指能够在汽车行驶过程中强制其减速以至停车，或使汽车下坡时能够维持一定速度，甚至在各种路面（包括斜坡）驻车停留。汽车制动系统的工作状况决定了行人及驾驶人员的生命安全，以及国家财产的安全。由此可见。随着高速公路的迅速发展和车速的提高以及车流密度的日益增大，为了保证行车安全，汽车制动系的工作可靠性显的日益重要，也只有制动性能良好、制动系工作可靠的汽车，才能充分发挥其动力性能。
汽车制动系至少应有两套独立的制动装置，即行车制动系统和驻车制动系统，然而先在绝大多车上面都有ABS防抱死制动系统
行车制动系统用作强制行驶中的汽车减速或停车，并使汽车在下坡时保持适当的稳定车速。其驱动结构常采用双回路或多回路结构，并保证其工作可靠。
驻车制动系统用于使汽车可靠而无时间限制的停驻在一定位置甚至斜坡上，其业有助于汽车在破路上起步。驻车制动系统应采用机械式驱动机构，以免其产生故障。
ABS防抱死制动系统是一种具有防滑、防锁死等作用的汽车安全控制系统，在现代汽车上普遍大量安装防抱死制动系统，ABS既有普通制动系统的制动功能，又能防止车轮锁死，使汽车在制动状态下仍能转向，保证汽车的制动方向稳定性，防止产生侧滑和跑偏，避免的很多交通事故的发生，是汽车上最先进、制动效果最佳的制动装置。
本文将论述汽车制动系统的的概念及工作原理和行车制动、驻车制动及ABS防抱死系统各自的故障现象、原因，根据相关部件的现象和故障原因给出相关的处理方法，从而得出汽车制动系统故障的诊断和检修的重要性。
关键词：汽车制动系统 故障现象 故障原因 故障诊断
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Automobile braking system is one that can be the driving force it to slow down or even stop the process, or make the car when going downhill can maintain a certain speed, even on all kinds of roads (including slope) in car travel. Automotive braking system working conditions determined pedestrians and drivers ' safety, and the safety of State property. It can be seen that. Highways and rapid development and higher speeds and increasing traffic density,
in order to ensure traffic safety, the growing importance of reliability of automobile brake system, only the good performance of braking systems working reliable car can give full play to its dynamic performance. Automobile braking system shall have at least two independent braking devices, the service braking system and the parking braking system, but in most cars it has ABS anti-lock brake system brake system as a driving force in the car slow down or stop, and keep the car when going downhill reasonably stable speed. Driving structure often uses double-loop or loop structures, and ensure its reliability. Parking brake systems are used to give the car a reliable presence in certain locations and even with no time limit on the slopes, its helps auto break starts on the road. Parking brake system by mechanical drive mechanism, so as to avoid its failure. ABS anti-hold died brake system is a has
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anti-sliding, and anti-lock death role of car security control system, in modern car Shang General large installation anti-hold died brake system, ABS both general brake system of brake function, and can prevent wheels lock died, makes car in brake State Xia still can steering, guarantee car of brake direction stability, prevent produced sideslip and run partial, avoid of many traffic accident of occurred, is car Shang most advanced, and brake effect best of brake device. This article discusses the concept and principle of automotive brake system and brake and the parking brake and ABS anti-lock braking systems are the symptoms, causes, according to the relevant components and fault reason given treatment to obtain brake system fault diagnosis and repair of the
importance.
Key words: automobile braking system faults fault cause of fault
diagnosis
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目录
摘要 ???????????????????????? 1 目录 ???????????????????????? 2 第1章汽车制动系统的概述?????????????? 3 1.1汽车制动系统的发展历史???????????? 3 1.2制动系统的概念???????????????? 3 1.3制动系统的分类???????????????? 4 1.4制动系统的组成与工作原理??????????? 4 第二章汽车制动系统的行车制动????????????? 5 2.1行车制动系统的结构组成及常见故障部位?????? 5 2.2液压制动系统的常见故障????????????? 5 2.2.1液压制动效能下降????????????? 6 2.2.2液压制动失效??????????????? 6 2.2.3液压制动拖滞??????????????? 7 2.2.4液压制动跑偏??????????????? 8 2.2.5液压制动的其余故障???????????? 9 2.3液压制动系统故障诊断及检修实例????????? 9 2.4气压制动系统的故障诊断与分析??????????11 2.4.1气压制动效能下降????????????? 2.4.2气压制动失效??????????????? 2.4.3气压制动拖滞??????????????? 2.4.4气压制动跑偏??????????????? 第3章 汽车制动系统的驻车制动故障诊断??????? 3.1驻车制动的结构组成及常见故障部位?????? 3.2驻车制动的常见故障????????????? 3.2.1驻车制动效能不良???????????? 3.2.2驻车制动拉杆不能定位?????????? 第4章 ABS防抱死制动系统故障诊断????????? 4.1制动防抱死系统的结构组成及工作原理????? 4.2制动系统ABS故障诊断与检修????????? 4.2.1车轮速度传感器的调整????????? 4.2.2 ABS系统线束更换??????????? 4.2.3 ABS系统的泄压????????????
4.2.4 ABS系统的放气???????????? 4.2.5液压控制装置的检修?????????? 4.2.6液压元件泄漏检查???????????
第5章驻车制动器的故障诊断与分析??????????
5.1功用????????????????????? 5.2驻车制动系故障诊断??????????????? 5.3驻车制动系的维修?????????????? 结论???????????????????????? 致谢????????????????????????
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