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178. inform sb of sth 180. rob sb of sth
179. remind sb of sth 181. arrange for sb to do sth
182. make up/consist of/be made up of 183. ask for three days’ leave 184. set off firecrackers
185. step on the brake 187. feel one’s pulse
189. have a great deal of practice in … 191. take sb as a model 193. take sth as an example 195. make a deep bow to sb
186. take one’s temperature 188. knock into the truck/car
190. win great honor for one’s class 192. set sb a good example
194. take the medicine three times a day
196. have a terrible pain in the leg/head/arm/stomach197. take / show great interest in… 198. keep warm/ keep sb warm
199. keep up the tradition / friendship
200. pass sth down (on) from generation to generation 句子一句多译:
１５． Because of /With/For his help, I finished the work at last. 因为:as a result of; due to/owing to/thanks to
１６． spend …on/in; It costs/takes…/pay for/charge sb. For １７． I will try/do my best to help him.
Do everything I can/do all that I can/ do whatever I can /do as much as possible
?依据要点，草拟提纲，将所需要的语言材料准备好。可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型。暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、单数第三人称等词形变化。
①100 families and 500 people/
②used to be very poor/ change a lot/ richer than before/ take on a new look ③was very small/ have been rebuilt
④newly-built/have 4 storeys/ most beautiful building ⑤school-age children/ enjoy free education
?扩展成句，连句成篇。本文为一篇发言稿，其格式与口头通知大体相同。因此，短文应有称呼、开场及结束语。既然介绍的是小村，所使用的人称应为it.应注意时态、语态的正确运用，并适当使用一些连接成分将所列的语句连成完整的语篇。全文应结构紧凑，前后连贯。 Ladies and gentlemen,
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Welcome to our village! ①This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor.②It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here ④are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small⑤. ⑥Now it has been rebuilt. ⑦The newly built teaching building⑧has 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here.⑨They enjoy free education in it.⑩Thank you.
大家看，这篇书面表达要点齐全，表达也没语法错误，但语言平淡，表达方式单一，逻辑性也差，因此很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。如果使用一些恰当的连接词，并尽量使用较高级的词汇和较复杂的语法结构，这个平淡的文章就会有很大改观，甚至会变得更精彩。 Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our village! ①This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ②However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③and has been developing very fast. People here ④have/live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small⑤and most children couldn’t afford to go to school.⑥But now it has been rebuilt⑦and the newly built teaching building ⑧which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨What’s more/Also, they enjoy free education.
⑩May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. [对上文评析]：
①用介词短语作定语或用含定语从句的主从复合句。②语句间缺少连接成分However。③表现作者对现在乡村的发展的喜悦心情，也起到承上启下作用。④较高级词汇。⑤作者对过去孩子们上不起学表示遗憾和同情。⑥语句间缺少连接成分，添加But。⑦语句间缺少承上启下连接成分and。⑧用含定语从句的主从复合句。⑨此处应添加一个承接上下文的过渡性词语，如―What’s more/Also‖，这样，前后就显得更加连贯了。⑩如能适当发挥，在结尾处添加像―May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a pleasant time here!‖的表希望、祝愿的语句，会使全文更加完整，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的，从而收到更佳的表达效果。 ④较高级词汇。 ①⑧较复杂句式。
②⑥⑦⑨这些连接词的恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。
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③⑤⑩适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。
以上我们可以看出，要使文章连贯、流畅，就要使用较高级词汇、复杂句子结构以及恰当的连接词，才能给人一种美的享受，才能在考试的评分中得到较高的档次。总之，希望同学们通过以上启发，灵活运用，坚持用科学的方法多写多练，就一定能写出高质量的英语作文，在高考中取得成功。
A Suggested Version:
Our modern city is too crowded, and to solve the problem, I have three suggestions. First of all, practise the policy of ― Late Marriage ‖and ― One Couple, One child ‖ so as to reduce the birth rate. Secondly, the city government must have a tight control of people entering cities to engage in trade or do various physical jobs in order to reduce the pressure on the city caused by the increasing population. Finally, more and more people suggest that living blocks with shopping centers, school, hospital as well as cinemas and theatres or even satellite towns should be built in the city suburbs or the countries round the cities. In this way city citizens will be encouraged to move there. If these three suggestions are well carried out, the city population will be greatly reduced.
09高考英语突破书面表达基础讲与练(四)
Part A 写作基本理论5 英文写作基础——动词(一) 写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。
动词
文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面： 一. 准确的读音和拼写
听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。 二. 基本意义 三. 常用其它意义
除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。 四. 常见搭配
我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词﹑副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是―制作‖，而make beds意思是―整理床铺‖，make use of意思是―利用‖，make money
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挣钱，make a fortune: ―发财‖，make faces―做鬼脸‖等等。 五. 过去式与过去分词
在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动词的过去式﹑过去分词和现在分词等形式。因此，熟练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。这里，我们为同学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。为了记忆方便，将它们分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五种形式。一个字母代表一种形式。
AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, read ABB: bend – bent – bent bring – brought – brought build – built – built burn – burnt – burnt buy – bought – bought
catch – caught – caught deal – dealt – dealt feed – fed – fed feel – felt – felt
fight – fought – fought find – found – found get – got – got hang – hung – hung (挂) have – had – had hear - heard – heard hide – hid – hid hold – held – held keep – kept – kept lay – laid – laid lead – led – led leave – left – left
lend – lent – lent light – lit – lit
lose – lost – lost make – made – made mean – meant – meant meet – met – met pay – paid – paid say – said – said sell – sold – sold send – sent – sent shine – shone – shone shoot – shot –shot sit – sat – sat sleep – slept – slept
spend – spent – spent stand – stood – stood stick – stuck – stuck sweep – swept – swept teach – taught – taught tell – told – told
think – thought – thought
understand – understood – understood
win – won – won AAB: beat – beat – beaten
ABA: become – became – become come – came – come run – ran – run ABC:
bear – bore – born begin – began – begun bite – bit – bitten
blow – blew – blown break – broke – broken do – did – done
draw – drew – drawn
drink – drank – drunk
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drive – drove – driven fall – fell – fallen give – gave – given
eat – ate – eaten fly – flew – flown
forgive – forgave – forgiven forget – forgot – forgotten go – went – gone know – knew – known ride – rode – ridden rise – rose – risen shake – shook – shaken sink – sank – sunk steal – stole – stolen swim – swam – swum tear – tore – torn wake – woke – woken write – wrote – written
forbid – forbade – forbidden freeze – froze – frozen grow – grew – grown lie – lay – lain
ring – rang – rung see – saw – seen sing – sang – sung
speak – spoke – spoken swear – swore – sworn take – took – taken wear – wore – worn
throw – threw – thrown
六. 及物动词与不及物动词
英语动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。这一点与中文差别较大。表达同样的意思时，中文可以接宾语，而英文却不行，需要更换另一个及物动词，或接介词。这种现象是很常见的。如：
arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain?
When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?
sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa.
He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa.
lie / lay: He was lying in bed.
He laid himself in bed.
rise / raise: The prices keep rising.
I raised my voice but still couldn’t make myself heard.
listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. But I can’t hear anything. look / see: We looked at each other and smiled. Then I saw something strange.
此外，常用不及物动词：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about) 七. 后接宾语的形式
在及物动词中，有些后面要求接不定式作宾语，有些要求接动词的 –ing 形式。要分类记忆。
v. + to do
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